刑事節次上 犯罪被害者의 權利保護 및 支援制度 = (A) study on the judicial protection and support system of criminal victims

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

(Abstract)

Victimology is the investigation of existing criminal cases with the use of empirical science and analysis and examination of the developing human conflict between the victim and the criminal. For these reasons, victimology can contribute to the criminal judicature or, in a broad sense, to the criminal policy. In other words, criminology is the study of the characteristics of the victims of a crime.
The focus of the criminal law until now has been on the constitution to the criminal theory based on the offender, rather than the victim. The theme of the discussion of the criminal law has been changed from the retributive justice that does not consider the victim and the rehabilitation of the criminal to the integrated social prevention and the reconciliation between the offender and the victim. The questions raised and results of the research in victimology has made the rediscovery of the victim of the crime, which has drawn people's attention to the expectation and benefit of the victim in the discussion of the criminal policy.
Unlike what they pursuit of in criminology, however, the attempt to consider the viewpoint of the victim in the construction of the theory of the criminal law has been executed with the purpose of lightening the offender's charges. Many of the provisions in criminal law and the criminal procedure law take into consideration the relationship between the offender and the victim and they include the common responsibilities as criteria for deciding the responsibility and sentencing the offender.
Although it is difficult to analyze the complicated motives of all crimes, we can roughly divide the motives of the crime into two factors; the psychological process of the criminal and the external stimuli by which the criminal is affected when he or she commits a crime. And it is essential to recognize the fact that the victim can contribute considerably to the formation of a crime and to approach the crime accordingly. Thus, the research on a crime needs to be done based on the biological, psychological, and sociological aspects of the victim. Further, it is desirable to inquire into the crime and come up with the results that can prevent and remedy both the crime and problems with which the victim is confronted. And the approach to the crime and particularly to the victim mentioned above the victimologists have taken.
The problems of the order of compensation in current law lie in the fact that it includes only bodily harm, an assault, and the violation of the law of property as a requested range of crimes. Considering the seriousness of sexual abuse and the psychological effect on the victim of the crime, there is no reason that the order of compensation be excluded, and for these reasons, the law should be amended so that the victim can get the compensation. Some of the reasons why the order of compensation in current law is not utilized frequently are the judge's heavy workload and the victim's lack of knowledge of the system, So, when the order of compensation in the sexual offense case is introduced, the victim must be notified of the prosecution and, at the same time, of the right to ask for the compensation and to designate a counsel.
In Korea a special law was legislated with the purpose of aiding victims of the crime and has been effective since 1987. The statute provides that it can be very useful when the person who is seriously injured or disabled and the family of the deceased are not paid the whole compensation because the offender is unidentified or insolvent and as a result have a difficulty scraping a living and when they fallen victim to the procedure of a criminal case in which they have participated. Current law, however, does not apply to the victim of sexual abuse. The legal system that helps the victim ought to extend to more victims, and as a first step, the damage of the sexual abuse should supplement the extension.
Therefore, the research in Korea should emphasize the necessity of discussion on the legal rights and compensation for the victims of the crime, find what needs to be additionally discussed for the development of the victimology, and particularly should aim at studying the methods of compensation focusing especially on the victim of sexual abuse.
The Republic of Korea prepared for epoch-making concatenation for victim protection by stating 'A crime victim help right of claim' and victim opinion statement right in detective clause next clearly in a constitutional right of a crime victim through a constitutional amendment in 1987.
Therefore, I assume that measures preparation of the synthesis that can protect a victim right suddenly does it generally at time although being positive in afterward, and enforcement of a victim policy is demanded here.
The first, victim protection and recognition for a right must change. Because a nation makes an effort for introduction and nature improvement and education of a criminal investigation agency in a system positively to guarantee human being dignity characteristics and the fundamental human rights that a constitution guarantees, security may receive a right in the investigation and trial clause next a victim. The second, it must be able to be protected in investigation clause next a victim, and it must evade question that is a time insult to do questioning of a crime victim and repeated questioning. The third, a crime victim must guarantee a right to have you help you of a defense lawyer.
The last, there was necessity to let I spread for positive practical use and apply it of a compensation order system and did a wide area in the above, but tried to show examination and an improvement direction for it by contents and problems of the victim protection that consisted in an existing law.
Legislation of victim protection law to integrate contents of all systems to relate to victim protection must consist not only legislation must make ends meet mainly on the criminal law or the Criminal Procedure Code such improvement ideas. Victim protection will make ends meet with such a thing positively, and it may be it for this security. Because anyone may become a criminal and a victim, you must not infringe a right of the accused substantially.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서 언 1
• 제1절 연구의 목적 및 배경 1
• 제2절 연구의 범위 및 방법 5
• 제2장 형사절차상 범죄피해자의 지위와 권리보호에 대한 이론적 고찰 8
• 제1절 범죄피해자의 법적 지위의 개관 8
• 1. 피해의 개념과 범주 8
• 2. 피해자의 개념구분 10
• 3. 피해자화 13
• 4. 피해자화의 요인과 피해자대책 15
• 제2절 범죄피해자의 권리보호 17
• 1. 형사사법 체계 하에서 피해자의 지위에 관한 권고 17
• 2. 범죄피해자의 권리선언 19
• 3. 우리나라 범죄피해자의 권리 20
• 제3절 범죄피해자의 권리보호를 위한 정책적 배려 22
• 1. 범죄피해자를 위한 정책적 배려 실태 22
• 2. 범죄피해자보호 및 지원제도를 위한 정책추진실태 24
• 3. 범죄피해자 보호와 지원의 추진방법 26
• 제4절 범죄피해자의 권리보호 정책수립의 배경분석 27
• 1. 범죄발생의 급증 실태와 문제 27
• 2. 형사사법 패러다임의 변화 28
• 3. 범죄피해자의 재발견과 헌법의 기본이념 수호 29
• 4. 범죄피해자 보호제도의 한계 31
• 5. 범죄피해자 보호의 문제점 분석 32
• 제3장 범죄피해자의 법적 지위 37
• 제1절 피해자 보호방법에 따른 구분 37
• 1. 소극적․방어적 지위 37
• 2. 적극적․공격적 지위 38
• 제2절 형사절차진행에 따른 구분 40
• 1. 수사절차에서의 피해자 지위 41
• 2. 공소제기절차에서의 피해자 지위 45
• 3. 공판절차에서의 피해자 지위 46
• 4. 기타 피해자의 지위 48
• 제4장 범죄피해자의 권리보호 지원을 위한 제도 51
• 제1절 구체적인 정보제공 52
• 1. 수사의 종결에 대한 처분통지를 받을 권리 52
• 2. 공판기일을 통지받을 권리 52
• 3. 피고인 등에 관련된 주요 변동상황을 통지받을 권리 52
• 4. 가정보호사건의 절차와 결정에 대해 통지받을 권리 53
• 5. 성매매 피해자의 권리에 대한 고지 54
• 6. 피해자의 기록 열람․등사 54
• 7. 기타 고지 받을 권리 55
• 제2절 형사절차참여권 56
• 1. 재판절차에서의 의견진술권 56
• 2. 고소권･고소취소권 56
• 3. 고소에 관한 특례 57
• 4. 불기소처분에 대해 불복할 권리 58
• 5. 증인으로서의 역할 60
• 제3절 인격적인 대우와 의사존중을 받을 권리 60
• 1. 영상물 촬영･보존조치 60
• 2. 신뢰관계에 있는 자와의 동석권 61
• 3. 비디오 등 중계장치에 의한 증인신문 63
• 4. 증인을 위한 배려 64
• 5. 피해자의 의사존중 64
• 제4절 사적 보호와 보장의 권리 64
• 1. 언론･출판에 공개되지 않을 권리 64
• 2. 직무상 알게 된 비밀누설의 금지 66
• 3. 심리의 비공개 청구권 67
• 제5절 신변보호와 제2의 범행표적 회피권리 68
• 1. 신변보호조치 68
• 2. 인적 사항의 기재생략 및 공개금지 69
• 3. 성매매피해자에 대한 심리의 비공개 70
• 4. 사법경찰관․검사의 응급조치를 받을 권리 70
• 5. 임시조치를 받을 수 있는 권리 71
• 제6절 손해배상신청과 보상의 권리 71
• 1. 배상명령신청권 71
• 2. 국가로부터 보상받을 권리 72
• 3. 가정폭력범죄의 처벌 등에 관한 특례법상의 배상명령신청권 73
• 4. 범죄신고자 등의 구조금을 지급받을 수 있는 권리 74
• 제7절 법적 조력과 실질적 지원을 받을 권리 74
• 1. 법적 조력을 받을 권리 74
• 2. 압수물에 관한 권리 75
• 3. 상담을 받을 권리 76
• 4. 지원시설을 이용할 권리 77
• 5. 의료보호를 받을 수 있는 권리 78
• 제5장 범죄피해자 보호제도의 과제와 방향 80
• 제1절 범정부적인 지원과 국민의 관심 제고 80
• 제2절 다양한 법적 지원방안 모색 81
• 1. 형사절차에서의 지원 81
• 2. 사회복지적 지원 83
• 3. 민간 지원단체의 내실화 83
• 4. 국제협력의 강화 84
• 제6장 결 어 85
• 참고문헌 88