This study dealt with the painting of Haksan Yoon Jehong(1764∼later than 1840) as the literary painter who displayed his peculiar individuality in the painting circles of the Southern School at the beginning of the 19th century and investigated it f...
This study dealt with the painting of Haksan Yoon Jehong(1764∼later than 1840) as the literary painter who displayed his peculiar individuality in the painting circles of the Southern School at the beginning of the 19th century and investigated it from the viewpoint of the value in painting history for him who played the role of stepping stones between the typical painters in the Josun Era called Lee Insang, Jung Sun and Sim Sajung and the kingpins of an unusual style of painting at the end of the Josun Era called Gim Suchul and Gim Changsu.
His ancestral home belonged to the Yoons of Papyung and the Pansugong Branch and consisted of masters of literary style at high government offices generation after generation. He passed first on the list Saengwonsi(a sort of admission examination in the Josun Era) in 1792. He started his government post life as a civil official in 1794, but lived a life with the repetition of exile and reinstatement.
The latter period of the Josun Era when he survived will be said to be the period when the painting of stronger individuality than any other era was formed. Namely, it was the period when he revealed clear self-consciousness with strong individuality and formed original painting circles under new age background. This can be seen as having formed one stream in art history with the appearance of the works reflecting the social atmosphere of a new era.
In the painting circles of the latter period of the Josun Era, the painting that could be said to be of Korean painting style was established by flower garden and literary painters who tried to pursue a new perspective and an independent style of painting in the effect of practical science which was prevalent throughout the society at that time. Also, an unusual style of painting appeared as a fresh style of painting by the painters who tried to pursue much more ethnic features by accepting Western techniques partially through Chung. Among the painters who pursued the style, Haksan Yoon Jehong was noticed as the literary painter who displayed his peculiar individuality in the painting circles of the Southern School at the beginning of the 19th century, and left the works which directly showed the features of a Chinese painting of the Southern School made native in the latter period of the Josun Era.
Yoon Jehong exhibited the aspect as a literary painter stressing expression of an artist's inner world as well as the external shapes of things and was much affected by Lee Insang in the latter period of the Josun Era. In particular, from his early works, he followed his expression in India ink as it was. The construction placing similar weight on the scenary of the season in a painting was their common feature. Also, besides him, he was also influenced by the painters based on achievements such as the literary painters like Jung Sun and Sim Sajung who played great roles in developing the painting circles of the Southern School, and left the paintings of true scene landscape painting style which harmonized travel time with reproduced scene. Technically, he was also characterized by actively using a painting technique with the tip of a finger rather than a hair-pencil picture.
His world of painting can be investigated by dividing it into the primary capital government post life period(1794~1806) as the early period, the local government post life period(1806~1826) as the middle period and the secondary capital government post life period(1827~later than 1843) as the latter period. Many of the early paintings of literary painting style expressed as paintings famous poems and sentences of Tang and Song in China. Most of the middle paintings were actual scene landscape paintings of the outstanding magnificent views in the region where he held office and paintings with the tips of fingers. Like the early paintings, most of the late paintings expressed as paintings famous poems and sentences of Tang and Song in China. At this time, they were paintings by repeating similar compositions and materials and paintings with the tips of fingers.
One significance of his painting was to affect the formation of the unusual style of painting commanded by Gim Suchul and others at the end of the Josun Era. Like him, Gim Suchul achieved an unusual style of painting on the basis of the technique of the Southern School at the beginning and by using a side-arrangement composition and a prima printing affected by a Western technique in the latter period. Also, Gim Changsu who resembled in his composition or prima printing and Hong Sesup who accepted part of his peculiar composition and Western technique of watercolor painting were not directly affected by him, but succeeded to his tradition and developed it more. Their original and exceptional styles of painting showed a brushstroke having something to do with modern painting by digesting the basic form of Western technique in their own ways.
It is clear that examined through this study Yoon Jehong played the central role of connecting the painters of the latter period and end of the Josun Era beyond his value in painting and was meritorious in forming an unusual painting style of individuality by accepting Western techniques based on the traditional technique of the Southern School on the change of consciousness attaching importance to exploring truth based on facts. The purpose of this thesis is to seek the directionality that a painting in India ink is modernistically sought through his significance in painting history.