The study intends to understand types and causes of collocation by Chinese students through error analysis and suggest an effective collocation instruction method based on it.
The error analysis was conducted for 222 pieces of Korean composition by 1...
The study intends to understand types and causes of collocation by Chinese students through error analysis and suggest an effective collocation instruction method based on it.
The error analysis was conducted for 222 pieces of Korean composition by 104 Chinese students who are learning Korean in college language centers in Korea. Types of errors are divided by their causes, including effects of mother tongue, effects of target language and learning process. The effects of mother tongue are specified into confusion with Chinese characters and image differences with Chinese. Effects of target language include confusion of meaning, confusion of predicates combination and errors in using postpositions, while errors in learning process are divided into replacement errors and errors by complicated causes.
The analysis results of the study can be summarized as follows:
First, confusion of predicates combination is the most common cause. Many students have difficulty in using predicates combining with substantives. In particular, verbs like '하다' and ‘있다' are being overused. Verbs such as '나다’, '내다‘, '받다’, '얻다,‘ and so on are frequently confused in usage.
Second, confusion of subjective postpositions with objective ones is observed significantly. We assumed to observe many cases of omission of postpositions since Chinese has no subjective and objective postposition. However, Chinese students in the study rarely omitted postpositions in collocation. Types of postposition errors include a wrong position of locative or objective postpositions in subjective ones, and vice versa. Confusion of usage of locative postpositions is merely seen.
Third, there is a lot of confusions in synonyms such as ‘다양하다’ and '풍부하다‘, or '받다’ and '얻다‘. Especially, intermediate and advanced learners who have obtained a number of vocabularies have the type of errors. As it implies, it is important to suggest a couple of collocations together in instructing similar vocabularies to make students understand clearly a difference between them.
Fourth, differences of meanings with Chinese cause confusion easily; particularly in '기분‘, ’마음‘, ’감정‘, etc.
Fifth, some errors are observed in using Chinese characters. Since both Korea and China use Chinese characters, Chinese students often apply Chinese-style Chinese characters in Korean.
Based on the error analysis, the study suggests effective collocation instruction methods each for beginner, intermediate and advanced levels. For a beginner level, picture cards and collocation basket are useful for instruction. The study also suggests collocation learning through blank filling, a collocation notebook, a speed game, and comparison of Chinese characters for an intermediate level. For an advanced level, the study presents word combination, collocation expansion and reading for effective collocation instruction.
The study analyzed the types of errors in using collocations by Chinese students and suggested effective instruction methods. In the future, not only further studies on collocation instruction but also creation of error index for entire vocabularies would be necessary. In particular, vocabulary errors by language type need to be indexed for more effective instruction of Korean. Finally, it is urgent to prepare appropriate teaching materials that contain various usages as well as vocabulary meanings to improve Korean skills.