The purpose of the present research is to shed light on the specific mechanism through which perceived childhood emotional abuse has an influence on the level of depression in a sample of undergraduate students. Based on prior studies, it was hypothe...
The purpose of the present research is to shed light on the specific mechanism through which perceived childhood emotional abuse has an influence on the level of depression in a sample of undergraduate students. Based on prior studies, it was hypothesized that fear of criticism and rejection would act as a particular cognitive mediator in the association between perceived childhood emotional abuse and the level of depression. The role of fear of criticism and rejection as a particular potential mediator was examined using structural equation analysis as well as a series of regression analyses.
435 undergraduate students completed an assessment battery consisting of the Korean versions of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Sociotropy- Autonomy Scale, the College Students Life Stress Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory.
Consistent with expectations, a series of regression analyses indicated that fear of criticism and rejection partially mediated the relation between perceived childhood emotional abuse and the level of depression, even after controlling for the effects of life stress and gender.
On the other hand, preference for affiliation, a second subscale of the sociotropy part of the Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale, wasn't significantly correlated with childhood emotional abuse, thereby suggesting that the relation between childhood emotional abuse and the level of depression isn't mediated by preference for affiliation.
In addition, there were no significant correlations between perceptions of other types of childhood abuse, namely, physical abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, and sexual abuse and fear of criticism and rejection, thereby indicating that fear of criticism and rejection doesn't mediate the relationship between perceptions of other types of childhood abuse and the level of depression.
Furthermore, structural equation analysis was conducted to examine the mediational effects of fear of criticism and rejection in the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and the level more accurately. A partial mediation model fitted the collected data very well. In this model, it was hypothesized that fear of criticism and rejection would mediate the relation between childhood emotional abuse and the level of depression partially, even after controlling for the effects of life stress and gender on the level of depression.
Moreover, multi-group analysis was used to examine whether the pattern of the role of fear of criticism and rejection would be different across gender. In a male group, the partial mediation model, in which fear of criticism and rejection mediates the relation between childhood emotional abuse and the level of depression partially, fitted the collected data relatively well. In contrast, a full mediation model, in which emotional abuse affects the level of depression through full mediation of fear of criticism and rejection even after controlling for life stress, fitted the data well in a female group.
In conclusion, these findings suggest that in general perceived childhood emotional abuse affects the level of depression directly as well as indirectly, through mediation of a particular negative cognitive style, fear of criticism and rejection. Furthermore, they suggest that therapeutic intervention goals for depressed patients with emotional abuse in childhood should include reducing their fear of criticism and rejection, and that in order to more effectively prevent undergraduate students with emotional abuse in childhood from developing depressive disorders, it is important to identify those people and then measure and treat their fear of criticism and rejection.
Key words: fear of criticism and rejection, childhood emotional abuse, depression, cognitive style, sociotropy, preference for affiliation, mediation, structural equation analysis.