The purpose of this study was to examine the death anxiety of the old people experienced death of a spouse. Main study questions were as follows. First, what is level of death anxiety of the elderly people who have experienced spousal bereavement? Sec...
The purpose of this study was to examine the death anxiety of the old people experienced death of a spouse. Main study questions were as follows. First, what is level of death anxiety of the elderly people who have experienced spousal bereavement? Second, what is relation between spousal loss-related factors and level of death anxiety of the elderly people? Third, what is main loss-related factor significantly influencing on the level of death anxiety of the elderly people?
Data were drawn from a self-administered Questionnaire study in which 163 elderly men and women, aged over 60 in the first 5 years of their widowhood, living in seoul and kyung-gi do. The Questionnaire consisted of individual factors, spousal loss-related factors and adjustment after spousal loss in terms of depression. Spousal loss-related factors and adjustment after spousal loss in terms of depression were measured with scales adapted and modified for the purpose of the study from several measures frequently used in previous studies, death anxiety with FDDS(Fear of Death Scale) from Collett & Lester(1969) and depression with CES-D from Radloff (1977).
The major findings of the study were as follows :
First, the mean score of older widowed persons'death anxiety was 53.49, range from 20 to 80. It was somewhat high. The mean score of older widowed persons' depression was 51.12, range from 20 to 80. It was a little high.
Second, among the individual factors, the health status and among adjustment factors after spousal loss, depression had positive correlation with death anxiety of the elderly people. However, age, personal religious participation and years of widowhood had negative correalation with death anxiety of the elderly people.
Third, of factors relating to spousal loss and adjustment after spousal loss, factors influencing on death anxiety of the elderly people were years, health status, age, personal religious participation, years of widowhood and the level of depression.
Fourth, there was a difference between the old men and the old women in factors influencing on death anxiety. Factors influencing on death anxiety of the old men were years, health status, age, years of widowhood and the level of depression. However, factors influencing on death anxiety of the old women were health status, age, personal religious participation, years of widowhood and the level of depression.
Practical implications of this study were as follows.
First, this study revealed that there was a relation between spousal bereavement and death anxiety of the elderly. In previous studies, most of them were focused on depression. By introducing a relation between spousal bereavement and death anxiety of the elderly, the scope of researches on death and death anxiety of the elderly was expanded.
Second, along this study, the factors of years of widowhood was significantly influenced on death anxiety of the elderly. Thus, the prompt interventions and support systems were needed by professionals in community. Through the prompt interventions, the elderly should relieved from their grief.
Third, after spousal loss, the level of depression of the elderly was high. Emotional support was confirmed as a significantly influential factor, thus, the significance and necessity of emotional support by a counselling and a group therapy for the elderly who had the experience of spousal loss were become clear in this study.
Fourth, after spousal loss, the level of death anxiety influenced by age, health status, personal religious participation, years of widowhood and the level of depression was somewhat high. Thus, I suggest we should develop the education program considering factors above to prepare the death itself and mediate the shock of death for the elderly.