犯罪에 대한 두려움에 影響을 미치는 要因에 관한 硏究 : 女性을 中心으로 = (A)study on the factors that affect fear of crime : focused on the adult women

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Fear of crime as a topic of research has received considerable attention over the past decades. Fear of crime is defined as an emotional response of dread or anxiety to crime or symbols that a person associates with crime. It could be regard as indirect victimization because it causes psychological anxiety of public. The most consistent finding of researches on fear of crime is that women’s fear is higher than men’s, generally and for each of many offenses. There are number of explanations for this finding but a commonplace one has been to term it the “fear-victimization paradox”. The paradox is that women are less likely to become crime victims but at the same time, they have higher levels of fear of crime. Thus, it is necessary to consider other factors in addition to prior victimization to find out the factors that affect women’s fear of crime.
This dissertation investigate the extent to which various factors - including prior victimization(direct and indirect victimization), social psychological factors(attractivity, evil intent, power and criminalizable space), routine activities, and community environmental factor(physical and social incivility and perception of policing) predict women’s fear of crime. And this dissertation considered affect, cognition and motive to be necessary condition for a state to be labelled as ‘fear’. The concept of fear is regarded as an affect that is the result of cognition and motive. Therefore cognition and motive were setting up as parameter. As an affect of fear was appointed to the dependent variable. Fear of crime measured by two aspects. The first dimension is a generalized feeling of vulnerability, or a perception about the safeness of the respondent’s neighborhood that referred to as “formless fear”. The second dimension of fear is more specific in that respondents are asked to assess the degree of fear of specific offense that referred to as “concrete fear”. Cognition was measured by individual’s perception of personally becoming a victim of crime that is referred to as “perceived risk”. And motive was setting up to individual’s behavior to avoidance or defense from victimization that is referred to as “constrained behavior”.
This dissertation is constructed as follows.
First, the research model was consist of the dependent variables that contain prior victimization, social psychological factors, routine activities, community environmental factors, parameters that mediate between dependent variables and independent variable that include perceived risk and constrained behavior and independent variable that is fear of crime.
Second, this study aims to identify the factors that have been associated with women’s fear of crime and examine the hypothesis that prior victimization, social psychological factors, routine activities and community environmental factors have an effect on fear. Thus, this study surveyed the fear of crime and its effect factors on 500 adult women in different regions of the South Korea. To collect informations for this study, self-report surveys conducted between March 18, 2007 and March 22, 2007 and analyzed collected data using SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 6.0 program.
The major findings as follows.
First, the degrees of perceived risk, constrained behavior and fear of crime of the group that have ever been prior victimization is higher than the other one’s.
Second, the result of path analysis indicates that prior victimization and routine activities had positive effect on perceived risk and social psychological factors had positive effect on constrained behavior. Perceived risk had positive effect on fear of crime. When independent variable was general fear, constrained behavior had negative effect on fear of crime, but with regard to concrete fear, constrained behavior had positive effect on fear of crime. Women relatively had not sensitive respond on community environmental factors. But in the result of regression analysis, physical incivility and perception of policing had effect on perceived risk.
Finally, trough the result of this study, ① effort to find out women’s hidden victimization, ② to solve the sexual violence and sexual harrassment problem especially from the acquaintance in everyday life, ③ purification the incivilities of neighborhood, ④ crime prevention though environmental design in the criminalizable space, and ⑤ increasing of police visibility and activity should be suggested.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 第1章 序論 = 1
• 第1節 硏究의 目的 = 1
• 第2節 硏究의 範圍 및 方法 = 5
• 1. 硏究의 範圍 = 5
• 2. 硏究의 方法 = 10
• 第2章 硏究의 理論的 背景 = 12
• 第1節 犯罪에 대한 두려움의 槪念과 特性 = 12
• 1. 犯罪에 대한 두려움의 槪念 = 12
• 2. 女性의 犯罪에 대한 두려움의 特性 = 25
• 第2節 犯罪에 대한 두려움의 理論的 接近 = 31
• 1. 犯罪被害經驗的 接近 = 31
• 2. 社會心理學的 模型 = 35
• 3. 人口社會學的 模型 = 39
• 4. 地域社會 無秩序 模型 = 44
• 5. 危險解釋接近 = 50
• 第3節 先行硏究의 檢討 = 52
• 1. 國內의 硏究 = 52
• 2. 國外의 硏究 = 54
• 第3章 硏究의 調査設計 = 58
• 第1節 硏究模型 및 假說 = 58
• 1. 硏究模型 = 58
• 2. 硏究假說 = 63
• 第2節 變因의 設定과 測定 = 64
• 1. 獨立變因 = 64
• 2. 媒介變因 = 74
• 3. 從屬變因 = 76
• 4. 人口社會學的 變因 = 79
• 第3節 調査 및 分析方法 = 81
• 1. 標本抽出의 方法 = 81
• 2. 資料分析의 技法 = 83
• 3. 信賴度의 檢證 = 84
• 4. 設問對象者의 一般的 特性 = 86
• 第4章 調査結果의 分析 및 論議 = 99
• 第1節 調査結果의 分析 = 99
• 1. 調査對象者의 特性에 따른 危險의 知覺, 回避/防禦行爲, 犯罪에 대한 두려움의 差異 分析 = 99
• 2. 地域社會環境에 대한 知覺이 危險의 知覺, 回避/防禦行爲, 犯罪에 대한 두려움에 미치는 影響 = 119
• 3. 社會心理學的 要因이 危險의 知覺, 回避/防禦行爲, 犯罪에 대한 두려움에 미치는 影響 = 125
• 4. 日常活動要因이 危險의 知覺, 回避/防禦行爲, 犯罪에 대한 두려움에 미치는 影響 = 132
• 5. 媒介變因들과 從屬變因間의 影響 = 135
• 6. 一般的ㆍ具體的 犯罪에 대한 두려움의 比較 = 138
• 7. 硏究模型에 대한 經路分析 및 假說의 檢定 = 142
• 第2節 分析結果의 論議 = 162
• 1. 女性의 犯罪에 대한 두려움에 影響을 미치는 要因들 = 162
• 2. 女性의 犯罪에 대한 두려움에 影響을 미치는 要因 糾明에 따른 政策的 含意 = 175
• 第5章 結論 = 180
• 參考文獻 = 185
• ABSTRACT = 197
• 부록 설문지 = 201