强姦犯罪의 被害者化 要因에 관한 硏究 : 加害者 調査를 통한 被害者化 理論의 統合的 檢證 = (A)study on victimization factors of rape crimes : focused on integrated verification of the victimization theory based on investigation on the offender

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Precedent studies on the victimology examined phenomenon of criminal damages to investigate its causes from point of view of an offender, or they made light of rational choice of both the offender and the criminal even if the victim was considered. Even if not only rational choice of criminals but also victimization of criminal victim was considered at the same time, priority could not be examined closely. And, setting of victim model made light of social background and circumstance to disclose a lot of limits.
This study applied theoretically integrated models of victimology on rape crime among a lot of criminal types from point of view of victimology to investigate the subjects below:
Firstly, being free from precedent studies on the victimology from point of view of the victim, the study examined whether an offender committed rape crime by his rational choice.
Secondly, even if an offender did not commit crime by rational choice from point of view of theoretically integrated models, the target was selected because of special factors: Therefore, the study examined selecting and deciding factors of criminal targets from point of view of the offender.
Thirdly, the study examined victimization factors of rape crime from point of view of the victim to give priority and investigate victimization factors.
Fourthly, the study examined community that was neglected at the explanation of victimization.
Fifthly, the study examined correlation of the three factors to investigate factors having the most important influence upon victimization. On the other hand, actual proof was investigated in accordance with the purposes of the study: Most of rational choices of the offender were not made. Even if an offender did not make rational choice, he did not commit crime without consideration: Therefore, the study investigated considerations from point of view of the offender.
An offender committed rape crime at the place that he knew well to have less floating population and to have neither CCTV nor police stations at adjacent areas.
And, the offender thought that the victim was not likely to report rape crime without self-defence tools, and he did not have fear of imprisonment after being arrested.
Therefore, to prevent rape crime from being victimized, both the offender and the victim should not meet by chance at the place where the offender knew well to have less floating population and to have neither CCTV nor frequent police activities, so that the victim could improve capable guardianship not to be exposed to the offender's target selection.
And, the study examined reasonable target selection depending upon an offender's criminal career as well as demographic characteristics: The investigation could not find out difference of rational choice depending upon criminal career. However, an offender's reasonable choice factors varied depending upon demographic characteristics and the offender at his twenties selected reasonable target: As the offender experienced sexual intercourse for the first time at the teens, the one who experienced sexual intercourse earlier selected more reasonable target. The men in their twenties who experienced sexual intercourse earlier and enough could cognize their risk factors well to consider proximity to crime, attractiveness, accessibility and other factors, so that they could commit rape crime more easily.
The place having a lot of floating population was thought to be important at the proximity to crime of victimization factor. However, exposure to crime was not evidenced enough, and attractiveness factors included not only long-term acquaintance between the offender and the victim but also young women at their twenties. And, capable guardianship did not exist because of no existence of third party, having no self-defence tools, no CCTV and police activities, etc.
On the other hand, the study examined selection factors of both the offender and the victim to investigate relative priority that was selection factor of the offender as well as victimization factor of the victim: The offender's selection factors gave priority in order of proximity to crime, attractiveness, risk and accessibility, etc to be independent from statistical significance. Therefore, considering the offender, the victim had better avoid such a place, in particular, entrance at nighttime. And, the place was required to improve environment and to expand number and scale of the police stations from point of view of criminal policy. And, victimization factors had relative priority in order of exposure to crime, proximity to crime, capable guardianship and target attractiveness, etc: To prevent the victim from being victimized, therefore, the most important thing was to reduce exposure to crime. In other words, the victim had better reduce frequency of nighttime activities and to avoid jobs that she could be easily exposed to crime by nighttime activities.
Even unmarried women had better live in the same house together with family and intimates and not enter the house of the one who was not reliable according to long-term verification, so that victimization would be prevented.
Another victimization factor of integrated model was community. The study examined victimization factor by proximity to crime: As a result, the proximity had no direct influence upon victimization to be close to being almost significant. The community, therefore, was thought to have influence upon victimization and to require careful investigation on community conditions at subsequent researches.
Considering those factors comprehensively, the study examined correlation of the three factors: Not only the offender and the victim but also the offender and the community had a certain correlation coefficient to have correlation, so that those factors could be combined to be much likely to victimize rape crime.
Therefore, victim factors that could be target selection of the offender should be removed to improve community environment. In particular, the offender factors had relations with the victim factor as well as the community factor, so that disadvantages of the victim as well as the community of which the offender might think affirmatively should be improved to prevent rape crime from being victimized.
In conclusion, the study examined theoretically integrated models that incorporated the theories of the criminal and the victim into victimization, so that it could be free from precedent victimization researches that relied upon either the victim or the offender as major variable to investigate not only the most important factor having influence upon the three factors including community but also correlation between those factors.
However, the study had a lot of limits to overcome. The three factors should be evenly investigated to examine victimization and to find out an alternative: But, the study investigated the offender only. In other words, the study could not investigate the victim considering special characteristics of rape crime nor community independently to examine the three factors based on the offender and to have great limit.
Therefore, all of the offender, the victim and the community should be investigated in the future to find out causes and countermeasures of victimization.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 第 1章 序論 = 1
• 第 1節 연구의 목적 = 1
• 第 2節 연구의 범위 및 방법 = 5
• 1. 연구의 범위 = 5
• 2. 연구의 방법 = 8
• 第 2章 연구의 이론적 배경 = 10
• 第 1節 강간범의 개관 = 10
• 1. 강간범죄의 개념 = 10
• 2. 강간범죄의 유형 = 16
• 3. 강간범죄의 발생현황 = 21
• 第 2節 범제 피해자화의 의의 = 28
• 1. 범죄 피해자화의 개념 = 28
• 2. 범죄 피해자화의 기본 요소 = 31
• 第 3節 강간범의 피해자화에 관한 諸理論 = 41
• 1. 강간범의 일반적 원인론 = 41
• 2. 범죄 피해자화에 관한 제이론 = 50
• 第 4節 선행연구의 검토 = 61
• 1. 국내의 연구 = 62
• 2. 외국의 연구 = 64
• 第 3章 조사설계 = 68
• 第 1節 연구의 모형과 가설 = 68
• 1. 연구의 모형 = 68
• 2. 연구의 가설 = 72
• 第 2節 변수의 조작적 정의 = 75
• 1. 독립변수 = 76
• 2. 종속변수 = 79
• 第 3節 조사와 분석방법 = 80
• 1. 설문의 설계 = 80
• 2. 표본의 수집 = 82
• 3. 분석방법 = 83
• 第 4章 분석결과 및 논의 = 84
• 第 1節 조사대상자의 일반적 특성 = 84
• 1. 조사대상자의 인구사회학적 특성 = 84
• 2. 조사대상자의 범죄경력 = 87
• 3. 주요변수의 분석 = 94
• 第 2節 분석결과 및 가설검증 = 98
• 1. 조사결과의 분석 = 98
• 2. 가설의 검증 = 129
• 第 3節 분석결과의 논의 = 148
• 1. 가해자의 합리적 선택여부와 표적선택 요인 = 149
• 2. 피해자의 피해자화 요인 = 155
• 3. 지역사회 요인과 피해자화 = 161
• 4. 개별 요인들에 대한 상관관계 분석 = 162
• 5. 강간범의 피해자화에 대한 종합적 논의 = 163
• 第 5章 결론 = 165
• 參考文獻 = 170
• ABSTRACT = 177
• 附錄 = 183