幼兒敎育機關에서 팔로워십이 leader-member exchange(LMX)와 임파워먼트와의 관계에 미치는 영향 = (The)impacts of followership on the relationship between leader-member exchange(LMX) and empowerment nursery school

국문 초록 (Abstract)

영문초록:The Impacts of Followership on the Relationship between Leader-Member Exchange(LMX) and Empowerment in Nursery School. This study set out to investigate the impacts of LMX of the head and teachers on the teachers' empowerment according to the moderating effect of their followership in a child education institution. In an attempt to test the reliability of measuring tools, literature study was conducted by collecting references and related papers, setting the research plans and identifying the research questions, and gathering the previous study materials to fit the research questions. The collected questionnaires were treated with statistical measures. The preliminary survey as part of the research procedures was carried out from August 1 to August 6, 2006. The survey was conducted from August 20 to September 1, 2006. Total 400 questionnaires were distributed, and 379 were returned. After excluding four questionnaires whose answers were poor or had no sincerity and which were thus not qualified as statistical data, total 375 questionnaires were used in analysis. The data were treated with the SPSS Win 12.0 statistics program using the following methods:First, frequency analysis and descriptive statistical analysis were conducted to obtain the distribution of the subjects and mean of each scale. Second, internal consistency and factor analysis were conducted using Cronbach's α to analyze the reliability and validity of LMX, empowerment and followership that were the research scales. Third, t-test and one-way ANOVA were conducted to see if there was difference in LMX, empowerment and followership according to the background variables of the subject teachers. And the Scheffe method was applied as a posttest if there was significant difference on the ANOVA results.Fourth, Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships of the subareas of LMX, empowerment and followership and to review the matter of multicollinearity in regression analysis. Fifth, multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyze the impacts of LMX between the head and teachers on the teachers' empowerment. Sixth, hierarchic moderated regression analysis was carried out to investigate if there was difference in the impacts of LMX on the teachers' empowerment according to their followership for the head. The significance level of the study was all set at 0.05. The research findings were as follows:First, there was significant difference in the LMX of the head and teachers, empowerment and followership according to the marital status, educational background, career, and class size among the teachers' background variables. Since it turned out that the individual variables of the teachers had complex operational functions in running an institution of child education, they should be well reflected in the operation of the institution by providing them with the space to equip themselves with professionalism and to take active reactions. The experienced teachers should support the relational culture including encouragement, family-like atmosphere, comfort, and companionship so that the beginning teachers can receive enough attention and work in autonomous and dedicated manners. Second, the impacts of LMX on empowerment were apparent in loyalty and contribution. The head's consideration of the teachers within the institution and the teachers' contribution to the organization played the role of enhancing the meanings and values of their rights positively in the end. But their personal bond with the head seems to damage the meanings and values of their rights exercised in their line of work. Thus when the teachers establish a high level of bonds with the head, it's likely that their dependence on the work increases, which in turn can decrease their responsibility and values of their rights. It should be warned that the teachers' self-decision with their work can result in negative outcomes due to their human bonds with the head. Third, the impacts of LMX on the teachers' empowerment were examined according to the moderating effect of followership(independence and activeness). As a result, the group with a high level of 'independence' and the group with a low level of 'activeness' increased more empowerment through the interactions with the LMX factors. The result implies that even if the teachers form the same relationships, their personal tendencies(the degree of followership) will lead to different manifestations of the effect(empowerment). The teachers will have different tendencies towards the leader, and it's not easy to pay delicate attentions to all of them. But if the head wants the active participation from the teachers, activation of the work, and increasing efficiency of the organization, he or she should compensate for the lacking aspects through his or her attention and consideration for the individual teachers and offer full-scale support and backup so that there can be empowerment formed in the organization. The results indicate that the head should be flexible taking actions according to the characteristics of the teachers in running a child education institution and set up and activate an operating committee to help the teachers participate in the organizational operation actively and make judgments and decisions for themselves. In order to help expand the teachers' self-development and confidence in their educational activities, their autonomy with participation in decision-making processes and educational activities should increase to lead to their rising in positions and influences. The teachers should also work on their learning abilities and managing capabilities to offer proper coaching and play the roles of a mentor to their successors so that they can have confidence and expertise in their work performance. A child education institution should make systematic efforts to support those measures. There should be more active support(education, training and recruiting) in the organizational level to help the measures have more effect in the LMX with the head.Based on the conclusions, the following suggestions were made:First, the variables were composed and measured based on the validity and reliability of the data measured. But since the study focused on the self-cognition scales based on the respondents' answers on the questionnaire, the issue of validity and reliability still remains. Adding exploratory empirical analysis such as interview, letter and field examination to collect more diverse substantive data will increase objectivity, validity, and reliability. Second, the study focused on the relationships between the LMX of the head and teachers and the teachers' empowerment and followership in a child education institution. There should be follow-up study considering diverse variables affected by LMX.Third, the study was restricted to Seoul. In future study sampling should be carried out across the nation to do in-depth research into the relationships between the LMX of the head and teachers and the teachers' empowerment and followership in a child education institution