The purpose of this study is to research the relationship between elementary school children's perceivedparent's achievement pressure and school adjustment, the relationship between children's self-efficacy and school adjustment, and the effects of pa...
The purpose of this study is to research the relationship between elementary school children's perceivedparent's achievement pressure and school adjustment, the relationship between children's self-efficacy and school adjustment, and the effects of parent's achievement pressure and self-efficacy on school adjustment.
For the above subject, the children who are in the 5th and 6thgrade in 4 elementary schools located in Kyunggi-do and Seoul are selected as a sample. In total, 560 questionnaires filled in a form in self-report were circulated, but only 519 in 560 questionnaires were used for the actual data analysis. And collected data were analyzed with Frequencies, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson Correlation, Regression by SPSS program.
The results are as followings ;
First, the variables which are closely related to the parent's achievement pressure perceived by children wastheir region, grade and sex, that is, the children who live in Kangnam of Seoul, who are in the 6th grade rather than 5th grade and who are the boys rather than the girls tend to perceive the parent's achievement pressure the more highly. The variables which are connected with self-efficacy was the region, birth order, parent's academic career, father's occupation and the number of extracurricular activities. The children who live in Kangnam of Seoul, whose father has a professional job, whose parents have a higher academic career, and who has many extracurricular works tend to have higher self-efficacy. The variables which have correlation with school adjustment was the region, grade, sex, birth order, parent's academic career and parent's occupation. The group of children who is an only child, who is in the 5th grade rather than 6th grade, who is a girl rather than a boy has a tendency to adjust well to school environment. And the higher academic career a father has, the better children adapt themselves to the school environment. Moreover, when a child's mother is college-graduated and housewife, the child shows the higher school adjustment.
Second, inverse proportion was shown between the parent's achievement pressure and school adjustment, that is, the higher parent's achievement pressure makes the school adjustment lower, and vice versa. Also, the group of children who perceived low parent's achievement pressure tends to adjust better to school environment. This result shows that the parent's achievement pressure has a negative effect to school adjustment.
Third, direct proportion was shown between the self-efficacy and school adjustment, that is, the higher self-efficacy makes school adjustment better, and vice versa. Also, the group of children who has a high self-efficacy tends to adjust better to school environment. This result shows that self-efficacy has a positive effect to the school adjustment.
Fourth, the variables which have an influence on the child's school adjustment is self-efficacy, parent's achievement pressure and socio-demographical variable in order. It means that self-efficacy most greatly affects the child's school adjustment. And even though the parent's achievement pressure negatively affect on the child's school adjustment, self-efficacy helps children mediate it by themselves.
On the basis of this result, we confirmed that the parent's achievement pressure should be reduced and children should have high self-efficacy for the better school adjustment. For this, parents should give their children an individually adequate goal, a positive support and encouragement, which help them feel confident of their ability. Also, the fact that self-efficacy has more influence on school adjustment than parent's achievement pressure shows the importance of children's inner variables rather than environmental variables. On the basis of this kind of value focused on a child, nurturing self-efficacy makes children mediate spontaneously the negative effect from the parent's achievement pressure in spite of its adverse influence on the child's school adjustment.