性暴力犯罪 處罰의 改善方案에 관한 硏究 = Some suggestions for the effective punishment of sexual violence

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since the legislation of 'Act on punishment of sexual violence and protecting victims' (thereafter 'Sexual Violence Special Law') to reinforce the punishment on sexual violences and to protect the victims in 1994, the Act has been revised 11 times and is in effect. However, according to the statistics from the National Police Agency, sexual violence has increased 35.7% in 2004 against 2000. In 2005, it showed victims of sexual violence under the age of 13 were 738 cases (5.4%) among 13,446 cases of entire sexual violence. The number of total sexual violence against the previous year was decreased by 643 cases (4.5%) while sexual violence against children under the age of 13 increased by 15 cases (2.07%). Sexual violence is not decreasing but increasing continuously and if it is left alone than it will become a big social problem.
The continued increase in sexual violence shows that the Sexual Violence Special Law is not contributing in preventing the violence. However, it is true that the Sexual Violence Special Law is expanding the range of punishment and did its best to protect the victims. However, there are many problems in the details of punishments, punishment process, enforcement processes of the Sexual Violence Special Law. The most important things among these problems are the inadequacy of the related laws, low level of punishments, victims' reluctance to report. To solve these problems, the characteristics of sexual criminals should be understood and find out actions that needs to be punished and regard these as crimes though these can not be punished by the current law and introduce punishment system that is effective in preventing sexual violence. The first thing to do is to prepare a system to treat and educate the criminals and spreading out the awareness that both men and women are equal through gender-equal education starting from the early ages to the adults thus change the distorted sex culture and prevent crimes through education on preventative measures.
The thing to be actualized in the future is coping with crimes using a tracking system using mobile phones to apprehend the criminals at an early stage and to prevent from washing/cleaning the victims, removing hairs and fingerprints using adhesive tapes for the purpose of destroying evidence after committing crimes, and it maybe the most effective way to prevent crimes since there is no ground for violation of human rights because the victim can press a button and the crime scene can be tracked down.
There should be a strong punishment to prevent crimes by introducing three-strikes system, and remove an opportunity for a second offense by concentrated protective supervision through the introduction of electrical supervision system.
The biggest problem of sexual violence is the increase in unreported crimes due to not reporting the crimes so sexual violence is regarded as something which is not important and offenders may commit sexual violence. There are roughly three reasons for not reporting the crimes by female victims of sexual violence even though the victims suffer mentally and physically. First, it is because they are afraid of becoming known to others about the rapes or even blamed for it. Second, the victims hesitate to report because they are afraid of the retaliation from the perpetrator. Third, the victims can suffer a secondary damage from the investigation processes caused by the investigating office's handling of the victims. Therefore, ways to solve these problem are to prevent from exposing the victim's face by introducing female investigator system exclusively for sexual violence, exclusive investigation office, sexual violence exclusive court since there is the most likely possibility for a victim to suffer a secondary damage from investigating offices or court rooms. Since most of the sexual violences is only known to the victims and the perpetrators only even when the sexual violence is reported, the victims should be free from a court trial, prevent from investigated unnecessarily and conduct scientific investigation through securing evidences at an early stage through the establishment of a gene data bank as a way of securing evidences easily by the victims of sexual violences. The level of punishment should be raised if the sentences are generous compared to the level of punishment from overseas by analyzing the weighing of an offence from a court on sexual violences. It is true that the punishment is generous even though the benefit and protection of the law is relatively strong for sexual violence against children. Furthermore, probation is the most common sentence and to prevent this the level of punishment should be adjusted through the rationalization of punishment. There should be regulations for aggravated punishing of rapists of pregnant women since protection is relatively stronger in the benefit and protection of the law. Strengthening of the level of punishment is not only aimed to retribute on sexual violences committed in the past but also aimed to prevent from criminals and general public to commit sexual violence.
The current system of releasing details of sexual offenders opens the target for public announcements indiscriminately. It is necessary to regulate the announcement methods and its scope by classifying the classification standards in details into low danger, middle danger, high danger rather than the above kind of public announcing regulations. Indiscriminate public announcement will results in a target being selected for public announcement to those who may not be needed to be exposed to the excess public announcement.
There are many cases where the situation becomes irrational where many of the perpetrator can not be punished due to the statute of limits caused by the characteristics of sexual violence. To complement this, the statute of limit should be abolished or extended but even though the statute of limit is abolished or extended many of sexual violences are offences subject to complaint and thus there is a time limit for making complaint so it is not going to be very effective thus the time limit for making complaint should be abolished as well.
Sexual violence is a crime that kills the victim three times. First, when victimized, second, by inappropriate management from police and legal offices, third, when the wrongdoer is threatening the victim after released from prison without remorse. Therefore, sexual violence is a serious crime that can cause three harms. The law should be effective and legislated with focusing on the protection of victims to prevent the above, To be equipped with these conditions, the current situation should be understood and legislation of laws are needed that can handle these immediately.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서 론 1
• 제1절 연구의 목적 1
• 제2절 연구의 범위 및 방법 3
• 제2장 성폭력범죄의 일반적 고찰 5
• 제1절 성폭력범죄의 개념 및 실태 5
• Ⅰ. 성폭력범죄의 개념 5
• Ⅱ. 성폭력범죄의 실태 6
• 1. 성폭력범죄의 발생추이 6
• 2. 성폭력범죄의 암수범죄 7
• 3. 성폭력범죄의 유형 9
• 4. 성폭력 가해자-피해자 연령 10
• 제2절 성폭력범죄의 피해상황 13
• Ⅰ. 직접 피해 13
• Ⅱ. 간접 피해 16
• Ⅲ. 신피해자 17
• 제3절 성폭력범죄에 대한 형사사법기관의 처리실태 18
• Ⅰ. 검찰의 처분결과 18
• Ⅱ. 법원의 처분결과 19
• 제4절 성폭력범죄의 발생원인 고찰 21
• Ⅰ. 범죄심리학적 원인 21
• 1. 생물학적 이론 21
• 2. 사회학습이론 22
• 3. 정신분석 이론 22
• 4. 사회문화이론 23
• Ⅱ. 환경적 원인 23
• 1. 소아기호증 23
• 2. 성적욕구불만의 일탈행위 24
• 3. 왜곡된 성문화 25
• Ⅲ. 그 외의 원인 26
• 1. 우발적 원인 26
• 2. 성적인 욕구의 메커니즘의 차이 27
• 제3장 성폭력범죄의 실체법상 문제점 및 개선방안 28
• 제1절 형법상 문제점 및 개선방안 28
• Ⅰ. 입법상의 문제 28
• 1. 강간죄의 구성요건 범위 28
• 2. 임부 강간 33
• Ⅱ. 법해석상의 문제 35
• 1. 강간죄의 객체 35
• 2. 강간죄의 폭행․협박 정도 46
• 3. 유사성교행위 49
• 4. 유아 성폭력범죄의 기수시기 51
• 5. 숙박업소 종사자의 방조문제 52
• Ⅲ. 적용․집행상의 문제 55
• 1. 법정형과 양형 56
• 2. 집행유예의 남용 57
• 제2절 성폭력특별법상 문제점 및 개선방안 62
• Ⅰ. 입법상의 문제 62
• 1. 성폭력특별법의 개정방향 62
• 2. 아동 성폭력범죄에 대한 형량의 적정성 65
• Ⅱ. 성폭력상담소 68
• 1. 성폭력상담소의 역할문제 68
• 2. 성폭력상담원의 자격문제 71
• 3. 지원경비의 부족 73
• 제3절 청소년성보호법상 문제점 및 개선방안 76
• Ⅰ. 입법상의 문제 76
• Ⅱ. 적용․집행상의 문제 77
• 제4장 절차법상 문제점 및 개선방안 89
• 제1절 입법상의 문제 89
• Ⅰ. 피해자 보호규정의 문제점 및 개선방안 89
• 1. 변호인 참여권의 문제 89
• 2. 증거보전청구권 문제 92
• 3. 피해자의 법정진술권의 문제 95
• 4. 소송기록열람․등사권의 문제 100
• Ⅱ. 공소시효제도의 문제점 및 개선방안 103
• 1. 공소시효의 의의 103
• 2. 외국의 공소시효제도 104
• 3. 공소시효의 중단 및 배제 105
• Ⅲ. 친고죄 규정 108
• 1. 친고죄의 폐지여부 109
• 2. 친고죄 고소기간의 폐지여부 113
• 3. 고소취소의 제한 및 금지 117
• Ⅳ. 신속한 범죄대응의 문제 119
• 1. 처리지연에 따른 문제 119
• 2. 개선방안 120
• 제2절 적용․집행상의 문제 122
• Ⅰ. 성폭력범죄와 인식구속의 문제 122
• 1. 구속의 의의 122
• 2. 구속의 요건 122
• 3. 성폭력범죄에 있어서 구속수사 요건의 완화 124
• Ⅱ. 수사과정의 문제점 및 개선방안 125
• 1. 수사의 주체 및 장소적 문제 125
• 2. 수사시의 아동피해자 보호문제 127
• 3. 개선방안 128
• Ⅲ. 공판과정의 문제점 및 개선방안 137
• 1. 공개재판주의의 한계 137
• 2. 성폭력 사건 전담 법정문제 139
• 3. 성관계 이력에 대한 증거사용 141
• Ⅳ. 범죄피해자구조법의 문제 145
• 1. 외국의 규정 146
• 2. 범죄피해자구조법의 확대시행 149
• 제5장 새로운 예방 및 재범방지책의 도입 153
• 제1절 새로운 예방대책의 도입 153
• Ⅰ. 모바일 폰을 이용한 위치추적시스템 활용 153
• 1. 도입 의의 153
• 2. 예상 문제점 및 대응방안 155
• 3. 실시예상 효과 158
• 4. 형사사법에의 적용 159
• Ⅱ. 성폭력범죄 예방을 위한 양성평등교육 162
• 1. 양성평등교육의 의의 162
• 2. 외국의 실태 162
• 3. 양성평등교육의 실시 164
• 4. 교육 및 홍보의 의무화 171
• Ⅲ. 기타 예방을 위한 제도 173
• 1. 방범설치 인증제 173
• 2. 공개수배제도 179
• 제2절 새로운 재범방지대책의 도입 185
• Ⅰ. 성폭력범죄자의 치료 및 교육의 법제화 185
• 1. 치료․교육의 필요성 186
• 2. 치료․교육의 대상 및 기준 186
• 3. 치료․교육의 시기와 프로그램 189
• Ⅱ. 전자감시제도 도입 193
• 1. 도입 의의 193
• 2. 외국의 규정 194
• 3. 도입에 따른 쟁점 및 입법적 검토 196
• 4. 도입에 따른 입법제안 200
• Ⅲ. 삼진아웃제도 도입 204
• 1. 도입 의의 204
• 2. 외국의 제도 204
• 3. 도입에 따른 쟁점 및 검토 206
• 4. 도입제안 208
• Ⅳ. 유전자 정보은행 설립을 통한 재범방지 209
• 1. 개 념 209
• 2. 설립에 대한 찬반론 210
• 3. 외국의 실태 211
• 4. 유전자정보의 형사법적 이용 212
• 5. 유전자 정보은행 설립을 위한 입법추진 216
• 제6장 결 론 217
• 참고문헌 220