사회구성주의와 도덕교육 : 비고츠키 이론을 중심으로 = Social constructivism and moral education : focused on Vygotsky theory

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The aim of moral education is divided with moral development and moral socialization. And access method of moral education is divided with activeㆍcognitive, definitive part. Moral development was asserted by Cognitive Developmentalism Educators, and the moral socialization is the item which the Virtue EducationㆍCharacter Building emphasize. Some people say these two types of moral education have made much contribution, but others criticize them in many ways. In this regard, Social Constructivism is be cited as a way to solve problems of Character Building and Cognitive Development Education.
Social Constructivism is a part of constructivism, based on Vygotsky's Theory and emphasizes individual and social interaction in terms of knowledge construction. According to this view, morality means the tendency to act by the rules gained not only through internalization of rules determined socially and culturally but through self-determination. And it's developed through learner's experience under culturally, historically, specialized circumstances by means of a wide variety of marks and symbols like language.
The moral sense here is a tendency to internalize a code of conduct determined socially and culturally, and to determine the code of conduct by judging independently. In social constructivism, language is regarded as an important factor of morality development.
Vygotsky believes that language is a means to judge situation and express oneself, and considered as social and historical product that human race has long changed and meanings become internalized, language comprises a system and basic unit of individual's symbolic and social thinking. As such , he believes that language plays an important role in forming higher mental function of man.
According to Vygotsky's "general genetic law of cultural development", morality is first seen among individuals that interact socially and then in the inside of the learner. Here, it is the zone of proximal development where social interactions and an individuals internal mental state meet.
Constructivism based on Vygotsky's Theory gives a basis of moral education through scaffolding teaching. Scaffolding is that more capable peers, teachers and parents as mediators provide relevant guide and support to help learners learn to develop cognition. This raises their curiosity, reduces performance phases, allow them to carry tasks out easily and maintain their attachment to the tasks.
Concerned Vygotsky's approach, in the position of children, active composition of knowledge, guided participation and support are important keys in the course of morals development. And in the zone of proximal development, educational experiences and interaction between teachers and children provide the starting point of the developmental changes
within children to provide the integrating sight of morale development and morale socialization. In this viewpoint, the important suggestion of Vygotsky's theory of the zone of proximal development to moral education is that the most efficient methode to promote learner's moral development is scaffolding teaching-learning.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
• 2. 연구 방법 3
• II. 이론적 배경 4
• 1. 구성주의의 의미 5
• 2. 구성주의의 유형 6
• 가. 인지적 구성주의 7
• 나. 사회적 구성주의 9
• III. 사회구성주의에서 도덕성 발달의 특징 12
• 1. 도덕성 발달과 사회 문화와의 관계 12
• 가. 도덕성의 사회 문화적 기원 12
• 나. 도덕성 발달의 사회 문화적 상황성 16
• 2. 도덕성 발달과 언어와의 관계 17
• 가. 문화적 체계로서의 언어 17
• 나. 정신적 도구와 기호의 매개체로서의 언어 18
• 다. 언어의 내면화 과정 21
• 라. 도덕성 발달요인으로서의 언어 24
• 3. 근접발달 영역에서 도덕성의 발달 26
• 가. 근접발달 영역의 개념 26
• 나. 근접발달 영역에서의 도덕성 구성 29
• IV. 사회 구성구의에서 도덕교육의 적용 32
• 1. 사회구성주의 도덕교육의 필요성 32
• 가. 선행 도덕 교육 방법에 대한 비판적 평가 32
• 나. 사회구성주의에서 도덕 교육 적용의 필요성 38
• 2. 스캐폴딩 교수-학습을 통한 도덕교육 41
• 가. 스캐폴딩의 개념 41
• 나. 스캐폴딩의 목표와 구성요소 42
• 1) 스캐폴딩의 목표 42
• 2) 스캐폴딩의 구성요소 43
• 3) 스캐폴딩 설정의 범주 44
• 다. 스캐폴딩 적용의 실제 46
• 1) 스캐폴딩 적용을 위한 해결과제 46
• 2) 언어적 스캐폴딩 47
• 3) 스캐폴딩 교수-학습의 실례 49
• V. 결론 62
• 1. 요약 및 결론 62
• 2. 제언 65
• 참고문헌 67
• Abstract 70