The purpose of this study is to make a close investigation into the confusion between the logic in the free market economy and the conception of education.
Liberalism which first emerged as anti-feudal liberation idea of bourgeoisie has been changed ...
The purpose of this study is to make a close investigation into the confusion between the logic in the free market economy and the conception of education.
Liberalism which first emerged as anti-feudal liberation idea of bourgeoisie has been changed in the course of developmental stages of capitalism. In the final stage neo-liberalism has appeared, when classic liberalism reached its uppermost limit owing to its distorted conception of capitalism and the phenomena of financial crisis. Keynesianism has been the most innovative form of modified-liberalism. While classical liberalism disapproved of the government's intervention the market, Keynesians admitted the limitation of the free market and insisted that the market is in need of government's intervention and control. Accepting this belief, Western governments controlled the markets and eased the tension between demand and supply in 1950s and 1960s. Hence, opened 'The Golden Age of Capitalism'. Late in 1960s, however, Keynesianism reached its limit as advanced capitalist countries' productivity had been decreased
Neo-liberalism emerged, which asserted the recovery of the free market order and reduction of government's intervention. Against the government's intervention of the market, neo-liberalism re-formulated capitalist ideology, with the notion of supporting financers, market's self-regulating, removing the government's control, reducing public sector, private management, and forming free accumulation of capital. In the case of Korea, Neo-liberalism which was the main current of economical policy in advanced capitalist countries appeared as the globalization policy of Kim Young-sam's government.
However, the innovation in the conception of neo-liberalism became a main managemental principle of Korean government, including the political, cultural, educational and other fields of Korean society as well. As a result, the principle of the market economy has been applied to the field of education. Neo-liberalistic educational reform became under way through decreasing public financial support of education, bringing flexible working force up, improving students' quality through learning competition, etc. All educational policies came to be replaced by economic principles. As such a kind of categorical error appears in establishing educational plan. For this reason, the nature of education is seriously distorted. First of all, neo-liberalistic education destroys human dignity by taking human being as a tool in order to make economic value. As a result, the aim of education - 'educating the person as a human being' in the sense of the highest good - has been ignored; so is this by concentrating on the education of work force with productivity and efficiency. In addition, neo-liberalists misconceive the relation between teacher and student as that of producer and consumer as is the case of market place. Because of this impersonal ideology of competition in education, the educational values such as moral and ethical principles, realization of the highest good, and respect for person can hardly be found and claimed in educational practice.
It is the idea of the free market economy to train human beings who are proficient in creating economic value and have creativity to compete in the market of global society. Aiming and teaching exclusive competition for efficiency and productivity, education at the moment has been transformed into a kind of instrument and therefore we are actually far from educating human being with both moral virtue and intellectual power. However, one who has just intellectual potential but moral virtue couldn't be an educated person as an ideal of general education. It seems that the highest good might be the true human nature and the core of all educational objectives which are never to be lost its light in human history.
In conclusion, conception of education should be shift from economical point of view to that of the educational, from the intellectual to the moral. Then, the concepts of human and education can be worthy of the name, and also those of creativity and autonomy in education will contribute not for the development of specific role of human function but for the development of mental happiness in the notion of 'whole person'.