명상프로그램이 중학생의 자기효능감에 미치는 효과

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

With the premise that the improvement of self-efficacy is needed to improve the adolescents' problem-solving ability as well as academic performance and to cultivate positive and bright attitudes, this study aims to examine the effects of meditation programs on the improvement of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is self-belief and conviction that when faced with a certain problem, he or she can solve the problem for him/herself. Previous studies on the effects of meditation demonstrated that meditation is effective for improving sociality, growing confidence, strengthening self-assertiveness, and weakening an impulse as well as aggressiveness.
In terms of research method, fifty third-year middle-school students (9th graders) were divided into two groups: an experiment group experiencing the meditation program and a control group not participating in the program. After the experiment, the differences of the mean self-efficacy of the two groups were examined through analysis of covariance. Both the experiment group and the control group took the self-efficacy test before the experimentation. Then, the experiment group were signed up in the 'meditation session' as development activities in the educational program once every week for 45 minutes per session, and eight times of this meditation session were carried out following the meditation program. Meditation methods of the appropriate level for middle-school students were selected, composed of with Mantra Meditation with chanting and Breathing Meditation focusing one's breathing which were carried out side by side. The low-tier field of self-efficacy includes general efficacy and social efficacy.
The hypotheses of this study are: First, there is a difference between the mean self-efficacy of the experiment group which went through the meditation program and the control group which did not; Second, the experiment group has the more differences in the low-tier field of the mean general efficacy and the mean social efficacy than the control group. After the 8-week experiment, both the experiment group and the control group took the same self-efficacy test and the result shows the statistically significant difference between the mean self-efficacy of the experiment group and the mean self-efficacy of the control group, demonstrating that the meditation program has an impact on the improvement of middle-school students' self-efficacy. Among the low-tier field, the experiment group showed the higher score in general efficacy than the control group and it was proved as statistical significance, whereas the difference in the mean social efficacy was insignificant, indicating that the meditation program did not have an impact on an increase of social efficacy.
In terms of the findings of this study, the author suggests the followings: First, as self efficacy is a strong belief in oneself and becomes a positive and initiative driving force, it is recommended that meditation which helps improve self-efficacy shall be popularized at educational sites and homes and everywhere in society. Nowadays, meditation has become part of daily life, so whenever and wherever he or she concentrates his or her attention and is in total immersion at one moment, it is called "meditation," and terms like "climbing meditation" and "dishwashing meditation" were coined.
Second, the author assures that if the experiment period of this study had been longer like 6 months or 1 year, the meditation program could have impacted the improvement of social efficacy as well.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 필요성 및 목적 1
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 4
• 1. 명상 4
• 2. 자기효능감 10
• 3. 명상과 자기효능감과의 관계 15
• 4. 선행연구 17
• Ⅲ. 연구가설 20
• Ⅳ. 연구 방법 21
• 1. 대상 21
• 2. 설계 21
• 3. 도구 22
• 4. 절차 29
• 5. 자료처리 30
• Ⅴ. 연구 결과 31
• 1. 동질성 검증 31
• 2. 자기효능감의 변화 32
• Ⅵ. 논 의 39
• Ⅶ. 요약 및 결론 42
• 참 고 문 헌 44
• Abstract 48
• <부록 1> 자기효능감 검사지 51
• <부록 2> 명상프로그램실제 53