만다라 미술활동이 주의력 결핍 과잉행동 장애 아동의 주의집중에 미치는 효과 = The Effects of Mandala Art Activity on the Attention and Concentration in Children with ADHD

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was propelled, by having the purpose as examining the effects of Mandala art activity, which is the art-therapy program, on the attention-and-concentration behavior of these people, targeting children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, who are suffering the attention deficit behavior and the underachieved learning in the class society. Aiming to solve the problems that enhance the selective attention and the continuing power in the attention, which are the research matters, it sought for implications about the development of a necessary program, by inquiring into the preceding studies. As a result of that, it obtained implications of being required the development in a new program that can have influence upon the enhancement in concentration, through the subject children's easy access, and the empirical study in a bid to help the successful adaptation to class society.
In terms of the research subjects, 3 subject children, who were selected after passing through the diagnostic examination over 3 times, were allowed to participate together with 2 observers, under parents' consent. The research design was used the ABAB design, and the Mandala art-activity program was applied over 42 semesters by 4 times per week, with basic line 1 (6 semesters), experimental treatment 1 (15 semesters), basic line 2 (6 semesters), and experimental treatment 2 (15 semesters). In terms of a research tool, it reconstituted and applied the Mandala art-activity program, by considering the level and the interest in the subject children. It used the direct observation, aiming to measure a change in the target behavior after the application of a program, and to measure the change degree of the target behavior in children's attention during the instruction. Also, it shot and analyzed the process that the instruction is proceeded, and utilized a teacher journal in the instruction-diary form, and 2 kinds of observation record tables. As for a part that can be missed in the experimental design, it supplemented and recorded through the qualitative research by semester.
The research results depending on the objectives of a study are as follows.
First, as a result of analyzing the overall change in selective attention behaviors among subjects, the mean frequency in the wholly selective attention target behaviors, which three children represented, was all lowest during the period of basic line 1, enhanced during the application of the experimental treatment 1, reduced a little during the period of basic line 2, which the experimental treatment was removed, and again improved during the period that the experimental treatment 2 was applied. Like this, the convergent results, which were gained from three children, mean to be stable in the overall effects for the application of experimental treatment, which was performed in this study. Accordingly, in this study, the Mandala art activity had the effect on enhancing the selective attention and concentration in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
Second, in consequence of analyzing a change in the target behavior for the steady behaviors in concentration by an individual, each individual had a little difference in the overall effect of Mandala art activity, and in the effect of target-behavior sphere, but the Mandala art activity had influence upon improving the continuance of attention in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
In conclusion, the program, which this study applied, had the effect of enhancing the attention behavior, by allowing children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder to concentrate mind with the internal silence, through the medium called Mandala art activity, and by allowing them to naturally correct the attention-deficit behavior by themselves.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 차례
• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 = 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 및 문제 = 4
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 5
• 1. 주의력 결핍 과잉행동 장애 아동의 특성과 치료 = 5
• 2. 만다라 미술활동과 주의집중과의 관계 = 13
• 3. 선행연구의 고찰 = 18
• Ⅲ. 연구의 방법 = 19
• 1. 연구의 대상 = 19
• 2. 연구의 설계 = 23
• 3. 연구의 도구 = 23
• 4. 연구의 절차 = 30
• 5. 자료 처리 = 33
• Ⅳ. 결과 및 논의 = 35
• 1. 개인별 선택적 주의집중 행동의 변화 = 35
• 2. 개인별 주의집중 지속 행동의 변화 = 39
• 3. 만다라 미술활동 회기별 아동의 변화 = 43
• 4. 논의 = 50
• Ⅴ. 요약 및 결론 = 53
• 참고 문헌 = 55
• Abstract = 58
• 부록 = 60