의사소통 맥락에 따른 아동과 어머니의 거짓말에 대한 태도의 차이 = Differences in the attitudes of children and their mothers to children's lies in relation to the communicative contexts

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Despite the importance of lying to all major theories of morality, and the interest placed on how to deal with children's lying by parents, and teachers, this topic has largely been neglected by developmental psychologists in Korea. A few research studies that have been conducted on children's lies draws heavily on one part of Piaget's studies where the focus was restricted to mainly the cognitive basis. Recently there has been a surge of renewed approaches in the world, and they found that sociocultural factors play a crucial role in people's attitudes to lying. Within the framework of speech act theory, whether a lie is evaluated to be good or bad is mainly determined by the context in which the lie is made. Depending on the different communicative contexts, people perceive it either more or less negatively, even positively. Other useful theoretical approaches stem from the theory of mind, social cognitive theory, and social domain analysis theory.
The primary purpose of this study was to identify, compare, and contrast children' and their mothers' attitudes(moral judgement, emotional responses, and mother's control on the lie) regarding different types and targets of lies. The secondary purpose was to find out whether children' and their mothers' attitudes are related to each other as to a child's internalization in accordance with the mother's attitude. The third purpose was to inspect the possibility of any relations between their attitudes and mothers' child rearing practices.
The subjects were 123 couples of 5 to 9 year old children with their mothers. Six different combinations of the vignettes were prepared: two targets of lies(adults vs. children) for each of three lie types(misdeed lies, trick lies, and interpersonal lies). Each child was interviewed individually and their mothers answered the structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed by frequencies, mean, repeated-measures, paired-samples t-test, and Pearson' correlation coefficients.
The major findings of this study were as follows:
First, within lie types, children' and their mothers' attitudes were different. Misdeed lies were rated as significantly worse than trick lies. And interpersonal lies were rated significantly more positively than trick lies. But within the target of lie, only the mother's attitude was different. Lies to children were rated as significantly worse than lies to adults.
Second, the mothers' moral judgement was more positive than the children's in trick lies. And children perceived their mother' control of children's lying more strongly in trick lies and misdeed lies.
Third, although the attitudes of children and their mothers were related to each other in the case of misdeed lies, the attitudes of the two were not related to each other.
And attitudes of the two and mothers' child rearing practices were also not related to each other, mothers who express more affection emotionally tend to have children whose attitudes to lies are more negative. And the affective mothers' attitudes to trick lies were more positive.
These results from the present study extend the field of inquiry beyond children's cognitive capabilities for an understanding of the impact of sociocultural factors on lying. Consistent with speech act theory and other theoretical perspectives, this study shows that communicative contexts clearly influence children' and mothers' attitudes. Although much research is still needed, the findings of this study provide a preliminary picture of the socialization process of the attitudes to lying. From this, it is important to develop parental and tutorial educational programs of how to deal with children's lying. This study insists that we find improved methods to promote interpersonal trust in our society from childhood.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• ABSTRACT
• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 = 1
• 2. 연구문제 = 6
• 3. 용어의 정의 = 7
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 9
• 1. 거짓말의 유형에 따른 태도의 차이 = 9
• 2. 거짓말의 대상에 따른 태도의 차이 = 24
• 3. 거짓말에 대한 아동과 어머니의 태도간의 관련성 = 29
• 가. 아동과 어머니의 태도간의 차이 = 29
• 나. 아동과 어머니의 태도간의 관련성 = 33
• 다. 어머니의 양육행동과 아동 및 어머니 태도간의 관련성 = 35
• Ⅲ. 연구가설 = 38
• Ⅳ. 연구방법 = 41
• 1. 연구대상 = 41
• 2. 연구도구 = 42
• 가. 거짓말에 대한 아동의 태도 척도 = 42
• 나. 아동이 하는 거짓말에 대한 어머니의 태도 질문지 = 45
• 다. 양육행동 척도 = 47
• 3. 연구 절차 = 48
• 가. 예비조사 = 48
• 나. 본 조사 = 51
• 4. 자료분석 = 52
• Ⅴ. 연구결과 = 54
• 1. 거짓말에 대한 아동의 태도 = 54
• 2. 아동이 하는 거짓말에 대한 어머니의 태도 = 56
• 3. 거짓말에 대한 아동과 그 어머니의 태도의 차이 = 59
• 4. 거짓말에 대한 아동의 태도와 그 어머니의 태도의 관련성 = 63
• Ⅵ. 논의 및 결론 = 66
• 1. 요약 및 논의 = 66
• 가. 아동의 거짓말에 대한 태도 = 68
• 나. 아동이 하는 거짓말에 대한 어머니의 태도 = 71
• 다. 거짓말에 대한 아동과 어머니의 태도간의 차이 = 72
• 라. 거짓말에 대한 아동과 어머니의 태도간의 관련성 = 74
• 2. 결론 및 제언 = 75
• 참고문헌 = 80
• 부록 1 거짓말 이야기 아동면담용 그림자료 = 94
• 부록 2 아동이 하는 거짓말에 대한 어머니의 태도 질문지 = 100
• 부록 3 도덕판단 그림척도 = 106
• 부록 4 도덕감정 및 훈육지각 그림척도 = 106
• 부록 5 아동면담 구조화된 질문의 예 = 107