This study, as one subject of environmental criminology to find out relationship between environment and behavior, is a scientific implementation to control or prevent crime through environmental design.
This study takes the hypothesis that environmen...
This study, as one subject of environmental criminology to find out relationship between environment and behavior, is a scientific implementation to control or prevent crime through environmental design.
This study takes the hypothesis that environment give cues of crime, when latent criminals percept it, cause crime. Also, by the hypothesis, this study takes the theory that can prevent crime with seeking environmental elements to promote crime, changing or improving it.
To achieve this purpose, we need to implement four strategy. Target Hardening, Access Control, Surveillance Enhancement, Community-building Measures.
First, "Target hardening" - Hardware measures- employ physical barrier to prevent crime. Target hardening techniques, including locks, bars, grills, alarms, fences, meshes, immobilizing devices, and reinforced materials, are based on the simple notion that physical obstacles protect property by making it more impenetrable and less susceptible to criminal actions. Specifically, by increasing the level of difficulty or potential hazards associated with reaching a target, these measures deter would-be offenders.
Second, ` Access Control measures involve erecting boundaries to restrict the use of nonpublic space to "legitimate" or intended users. Such boundaries can be symbolic or real and can apply to single family residences or to entire neighborhoods. For example, in the case of the latter, they might reduce criminal activity by limiting the flow of traffic.
Third, Surveillance Enhancement approaches to crime prevention consist of two general types. The first involve placing more illumination or people in strategic location to observe criminal activity. These are usually referred to as formal surveillance measures. The second involves changing the physical environment to facilitate observations of suspicious behavior or actual crimes. These activities are called natural surveillance measures and are exemplified best in CPTED.
Fourth, Community-building - activity support - measures are part of the most complex casual chain linking environmental design to crime and crime prevention behaviors. These Strategies are designed "to bring people together in open or public places, or to guide the movements of persons and the placement of activities, or to restrict the people in a given area to 'legitimate' users or residents of the area"
Do the owner and manager take charge of changing the environment to prevent crime? We don't have any law about what the owner and manager of place and building take charge of. But It is likely that they take charge of premises liability. So we have to investigate the possibility of premises liability through the foreigner's lawmaking.