토큰강화가 학습부진아의 비학습 행동과 학업성취에 미치는 효과 = The Effects of Token Reinforcement on the Nonacademic Behavior and Academic Achievement of Underachievers

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of token reinforcement on the modification of nonacademic behaviors and the improvement of their academic achievement when applying token economy to underachievers.
The subjects of this research were 3 underachievers who are 4th grade of elementary school in Daejeon. The target behaviors to be modified were noncompliant behavior, distractible behavior and learning negligent behavior.
The number of trials for this research was 34 days and Ⅰ divided this research period into 4 sections including baseline Ⅰ, treatment Ⅰ, baseline Ⅱ and treatment Ⅱ. In addition, reinforcement schedule used during the treatment were FR1, FR2, FR3 and VR3.
The conclusion of this research is as follows :
First, the token reinforcement is proved to be effective in modifying nonacademic behaviors of underachievers such as noncompliant behavior, distractible behavior and disruptive behavior.
Based on this fact, it is verified that an appropriate controls by applying token reinforcement to the nonacademic behaviors of the underachievers is remarkably helpful, when the teacher instruct them in school.
Second, the token reinforcement is proved to be effective in improving the academic achievement of the underachievers.
In study, the subject students achieved the better results than other students in terms of academic attainment, showing that the subject students' grade difference between pre- and post- achievement test is more than others.
It means that as children's nonacademic behaviors are reduced, their attention is probably paid largely on other subject matters such as learning activities. Thus this improvement in learning behavior attracts their positive participation and make to achieve higher academic attainments than before.
Based on this study, I would like to suggest further studies as followings :
First, the token reinforcement should be applied to other behaviors related to various settings in the school, such as classmate meeting, performance activities, cleaning instruction, living instruction.
Second, the study for the lower grade should be followed in order to avoid deficient lesson. And token reinforcement should be studied in connection with home teaching.
Third, long term token reinforcement enforcement plan should be set up and implemented so as that children's nonacademic behaviors would be improved and consequently achieved an academic achievement of the underachievers.
Fourth, taking into account diverse causes on the children's nonacademic behaviors, series of versatile study such as motivation to improve an academic achievement should be launched.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 = 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 = 3
• 3. 용어의 정의 = 4
• 4. 연구의 제한점 = 5
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 6
• 1. 학습부진아의 개념과 특성 = 6
• 2. 행동수정과 토큰강화 = 9
• 3. 토큰강화와 학업성취 = 16
• 4. 선행연구의 고찰 = 17
• Ⅲ. 연구 방법 = 20
• 1. 연구대상 = 20
• 2. 사용도구 = 22
• 3. 강화방법 = 22
• 4. 실험설계 및 절차 = 28
• 5. 자료처리 = 30
• Ⅳ. 결과 및 논의 = 32
• 1. 토큰강화가 학습부진아의 비학습행동 감소에 미치는 효과 = 32
• 2. 토큰강화가 학습부진아의 학업성취에 미치는 효과 = 66
• Ⅴ. 결론 및 제언 = 70
• 1. 결론 = 70
• 2. 제언 = 70
• 참고문헌 = 72
• ABSTRACT = 76