조부모손자녀세대의 가족기능과 손자녀의 심리적 특성과의 관계 : 자아존중감, 우울, 불안을 중심으로 = (The) relationship between family function of grandchildren-headed home and psychological characeristics of their grandchildren : focused on their self-esteem, depression and anxiety

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Grandchildren-headed home is the one which consists of only grandparents and grandchildren due to parents' death, divorce or leaving home. Because a family is the first system that an individual belongs to, it affects very much on children's growth and development no matter what kind of family structure they have. But psychological characteristics of the broken family's children are found not only in the case of the family's brokeness but in the case of variety of environment, and particularly they are affected from the family background as the first social system that every individual belongs to and newly formed family-function after their dissolution. From the point of view above, this study aims to inquire into Grandchildren-headed home's family- background and family-function and characteristics of broken-process(e.g., the factor, the period) and particularly the relationship between family function of grandchildren-headed home that perceived by grandchildren and psychological characteristics of them.
The objects of this thesis are 77 children from 11 to 16 years living under the parental care of their grandparents who are serviced by community welfare center in Taegu. I used FACESⅢ by Olsen(1985) and PAC by Olsen & Barnes(1982) as inventory in order to measure family-function, Self-Esteem Scale by Rosenberg(1965), CDI by Kovacs(1981) and STAI-Ⅱ by Spielberger(1970) in order to measure children's psychological characteristics.
Major finding are as followings:
First, according to the population-sociological characteristics, family pattern of the grandchildren-headed home is the case that more grandchildren are raised by one side grandparents than both sides, and father's side than mother's. And these results coincide with some results preceding. As for the cause of grandchildren-headed home, parent's divorce occupies the most importance, most of them have been living with their grandparents for over five years.
Secondly, compared with the average value of generative family using the same sclae, grandparents headed home's family function showed lower scores in both family-cohesion and family-flexibility, and their problem in family communication is that they are closed in family communication more than open. Also, there are high level of corelationship between family function and family communication.
Thirdly, grandchildren's self-esteem average value is found as the same compared with that of generative family using the same scale. But depression and anxiety's average value are higher than generative family's.
Fourthly, among grandparents headed home's family background, the gender, the age, the family-type, brother, meeting gamily and the religion are not significantly related to grandchildren's physical character. Self-esteem are lower(p<.01) and depression score are higher(p<.05) in over 10 years than under 10 years. And depression score are lower(p<.05) in grandparent's age of 65∼70 than age of under 65 or over 75, and as grandchildren percept poor, depression score are higher(p<.05).
Fifthly, among grandparents headed home's family function, family-cohesion and family-flexivility, open in family communication, and problem in family communication are mostly significantly related to grandchildren's self-esteem, depression and anxiety. High group of family-cohesion are higher self-esteem(p<.01), lower depression score(p<.01), lower anxiety score(p<.05), and high group of family-flexivility are higher self-esteem(p<.01), lower depression score(p<.05). And high group of open in family communication are lower depression score(p<.05), lower anxiety score(p<.001), low group of problem in family communication are higher self-esteem(p<.05), lower anxiety score and anxiety score(p<.001).
The meaningful implication from the above result is as followings:
First, among family function, joint of leisure and friend and joint of family event are significantly related to grandchildren's psychological characteristics. Therefore family event or culture-support program of a unit family centering community welfare center have the effect of family-cohesion. And that is easy to approach.
Secondly, in order to promotive open in family communication between grandparent and grandchildren, communication-training program is necessary.
Thirdly, in order to lighten a load of fostering and carry out a role as sarrogate parent, as program of grandparent, organization of self-helf group and parent-role -training program are really necessary.
Fourthly, grandparents headed home's grandchildren are negative psychological characteristics than generation family's children. So individual and group counselling are necessary in order to raise self-esteem and reduce depression, anxiety.
Sixthly, there is no yet official conception about grandparents headed home's in our country, so there is no basic statistical date as a scale. Therefore national survey of leading government is necessary about grandparents headed home's, from the research on the actual state, separately protect as child headed family or single-parent family.
Seventhly, because grandparent grow older and do not have enough economic ability, economic burden is serious to grandparents headed home. So economic support are really necessary as the cost of living or the cost of bringing.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 = 1
• <표목차> = 4
• <그림목차> = 5
• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 문제제기 = 1
• 2. 연구목적 및 연구문제 = 4
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 6
• 1. 조부모손자녀세대 = 6
• 1) 조부모손자녀세대의 개념 = 6
• 2) 조부모손자녀세대의 발생원인 및 현황 = 7
• 3) 조부모손자녀세대에 관한 선행연구 = 8
• 2. 가족기능 = 10
• 1) 가족응집성 = 10
• 2) 가족적응성 = 11
• 3) 의사소통 = 11
• 4) 조부모손자녀세대의 가족기능 = 12
• 3. 심리적 특성 = 13
• 1) 자아존중감 = 14
• 2) 우울 = 15
• 3) 불안 = 16
• 4) 조부모손자녀세대 손자녀의 심리적 특성 = 17
• 4. 가족기능과 심리적 특성과의 관계 = 18
• 5. 연구를 위한 개념적 틀 = 19
• Ⅲ. 조사방법 = 22
• 1. 조사대상 = 22
• 2. 자료수집 방법 = 22
• 3. 측정도구 = 23
• 4. 자료처리 및 분석 = 27
• Ⅳ. 조사결과 = 28
• 1. 조부모손자녀세대의 가족배경 = 28
• 1) 가족구조적 특성 = 28
• 2) 손자녀의 인구통계학적 특성 = 31
• 3) 조부모의 인구통계학적 특성 = 32
• 2. 조부모손자녀세대의 가족기능 = 33
• 1) 가족응집성 및 적응성에 관한 일반적 경향 = 33
• 2) 조부모와의 의사소통에 관한 일반적 경향 = 34
• 3) 가족응집성 및 적응성, 의사소통간의 상관관계 = 35
• 3. 조부모손자녀세대 손자녀의 심리적 특성 = 35
• 1) 자아존중감에 관한 일반적 경향 = 35
• 2) 우울에 관한 일반적 경향 = 36
• 3) 불안에 관한 일반적 경향 = 37
• 4) 자아존중감, 및 우울, 불안간의 상관관계 = 37
• 4. 가족 특성과 심리적 특성과의 관계 = 38
• 1) 가족구조적 특성에 따른 자아존중감, 우울 및 불안 = 38
• 2) 손자녀의 인구사회학적 특성과 자아존중감, 우울 및 불안 = 43
• 3) 조부모의 인구사회학적 특성과 자아존중감, 우울 및 불안 = 45
• 5. 가족기능과 심리적 특성과의 관계 = 46
• 1) 가족기능과 심리적 특성과의 상관관계 = 46
• 2) 가족응집성 수준과 자아존중감, 우울 및 불안 = 46
• 3) 가족적응성 수준과 자아존중감, 우울 및 불안 = 48
• 4) 가족체계유형과 자아존중감, 우울 및 불안 = 50
• 5) 조부모와의 의사소통과 자아존중감, 우울 및 불안 = 51
• 6. 요약 및 논의 = 53
• Ⅴ. 결론 및 제언 = 60
• 1. 결론 및 함의 = 60
• 2. 연구의 제한점 및 후속연구를 위한 제언 = 63
• 참고문헌 = 64
• Abstract = 69
• <부록> 설문지 = 72