국어의 자음세기 = (A) Study on the consonant strength of Korean

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There are various and particular phenomena in the Korean phonological process.
We can observe that the phonemic changes take a regular direction in these following phonological phenomena.
⑴ kuk$min[kuŋ$min] k$m→ŋ$m
im$g□m[im$g□m], [iŋ$g□m] m$g
p□k$ny□n[p□ŋ$ny□n] k$n→ŋ$n
pan$ga$um[pan$ga$um], [paŋ$ga$um] n$g
mat$my□$n□ri[man$my□$n□ri] t$m→n$m
kam$dol$da[kam$dol$da] m$d
sit$n□n[sin$n□n] t$n→n$n
kun$d□[kun$d□] n$d
pap$mul[pam$mul] p$m→m$m
pam$bat[pam$bat] m$b
cap$n□n[cam$n□n] p$n→m$n
nun$bat[nun$bat], [num$bat] n$b
⑵ kam$gi[kaŋ$gi] m$g→ŋ$g
tan$gol[taŋ$gol] n$g→ŋ$g
kun$mal[kum$mal] n$m→m$m
pom$nadri[pom$nadri] *[pon$nadri] m$n→m$n
⑶ tot$pogi[top$p'ogi] t$p→p$p'
s□p$tol[s□p$t'ol] *[s□t$t'ol] p$t→p$t'
pap$k□$r□t[pak$k'□$r□t] p$k→k$k'
mak$pa$ji[mak$p'a$ji] *[map$p'a$ji] k$p→k$p'
sut$ka$rak[suk$k'a$rak] t$k→k$k'
kkak$t□$si[kkak$t'□$si] *[k'at$t'□$si] k$t→k$t'
The above examples show the regular direction of the phonemic changes that occur in the structure VC_(1)$C_(2)V.
There have been many attempts to explain these phonological process in terms of the universal sonority degree, the aperture degree, the order of the acoustic strength, and consonantal strength hierarchies.
But they couldn't explain phenomena as in (2) and (3) consistently and have treated these phenomena as exceptional cases. The parameters like sonority and aperture do not contain all the Korean consonants. The phonological constraint or principle that can explain various phenomena consistently and clearly is needed.
The purpose of this study is to establish the consonant strength hierarchy of Korean. For this, the whole phonological processes in the contemporary Korean are investigated. With this hierarchy, we can explain the direction of phonemic changes which occur in Korean phonological processes consistently.
The approach of this study is based on the following phonological theories.
⒜ Inherently there are weak and strong positions in the syllable and a great deal of phonological evidence indicates that the syllable-initial(the onset) position is universally stronger than syllable-final(the coda) position.
⒝ The so-called 'strengthening' always occur in the syllable-initial position(the strong position). 'Assimilation' and 'Neutralized' occur more readily and more commonly in the syllable-final position(the weak position).
In the sequence of '_VC_(1)$C_(2)V_', C_(1) is the position of strengthening and C_(2) is the position of weakening.
⒞ The Contact Law : A syllable contact '_VC_(1)$C_(2)V_' is the more preferred, the less the Consonantal Strength of the offset C_(1) and the greater the Consonantal Strength of the onset C_(2) ; more precisely-the greater the characteristic difference CS(C_(2))-CS(C_(1)) between the Consonantal Strength of C_(2) and that of C_(1).
The results of this study, the consonant strength hierarchy in the contemporary Korean phonological processes, can be illustrated as follows.
Consonant strength hierarchy in the contemporary Korean
Increasing Consonantal Strength
◁그림 삽입▷(원문을 참조하세요)

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 = ⅰ
• 1. 들어가기 = 1
• 1.1 연구의 목적 = 1
• 2. 앞선 연구 = 5
• 2.1 음절 내의 위치에 따른 세기 = 5
• 2.2 공명도에 의한 논의 = 7
• 2.3 간극에 의한 논의 = 11
• 2.4 정도 자질에 의한 논의 = 13
• 2.5 자음 세기에 의한 논의 = 26
• 3. 국어 자음 사이의 음운 현상 = 34
• 3.1 자음 체계 = 34
• 3.2 음절 연결 제약 = 35
• 3.3 된소리 되기 = 38
• 3.4 거센소리 되기 = 41
• 3.5 콧소리 되기 = 45
• 3.6 혀옆소리 되기 = 47
• 4. 국어의 자음 세기 = 51
• 4.1 예사 터짐소리 (/ㄷ/ : /ㅂ/ : /ㄱ/) = 51
• 4.2 터짐소리 : 붙갈이소리 (/ㄷ/ : /ㅈ/) = 54
• 4.3 콧소리 (/ㄴ/ : /ㅁ/ : /ㅇ/) = 56
• 4.4 갈이소리 /ㅅ/ = 59
• 4.5 예사소리 : 콧소리 : 혀옆소리 = 60
• 4.6 콧소리 : 혀옆소리 (/ㄴ/ : /ㄹ/) = 64
• 4.7 예사소리 : 된소리, 거센소리 = 66
• 4.8 /ㅎ/의 자음 세기 = 68
• 4.9 거센소리와 된소리 = 71
• 5. 맺음말 = 73
• ［참고문헌］ = 80
• ［Abstract］ = 83