중국농촌집단토지의 소유 및 사용에 관한 연구 = (A) study on the possession and use of rural collective land in china

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The thesis of this paper is the legal system of the rural collective land possession in China. The thesis is two folds: in the first part, I have reviewed the system of ownership of rural collective land in China and in the second part, I have discussed the right to use the rural collective land.
With regard to the ownership of rural land in China, I have studied following issues such as the nature and the subject matters of the ownership, the formation and the evolution, and the right and the obligation of the rural collective land in China from the view of fundamental rights, with the purpose to improve the Chinese rural collective land system. As to the second topic, I have argued that implementing the land-use contract system in the rural areas results from carrying out the reform and opening policy, the continual development of the rural economic system, and the breakthrough to traditional concepts and customs in China. There are more than 800 million farmers in China and they hold 70% of the total population of China. Then, the stability and prosperity of China is closely connected with the rural areas. Therefore, the character of the land-use contract is still being argued. To make clear this question is very important, because it makes the nature of the legal system of the land-use contract in China. If we want to draw up the measures of protection and define the legal status of both contracting parties, we must understand the character of the land-use contract clearly.
Another problem is the default of the land-use contract which makes several problems, for example financial losses of farmers and local economy. Thus we must make the pertinent regulations to reduce the default and should punish the people who break a contact.
The dual economic system, a combination of centralization and decentralization, based on the contractual household management should be the basic mode of land contraction in rural areas in China in the future. However, so far there has not been a legal system governing the relationship of land-use contract, and there are still many theoretical and practical problems to be studied.
After establishing the new land-use contact system, following the development of the further theoretical perfection, the execution of the contract in practice is another important subject. After the new land contract begins, making these problems clear will certainly benefit the land-use contract in the future.
It should include followings: 1. The characteristics and nature of the land-use contract including as sub-subjects (1) The concepts and characteristics of the land-use contract, (2) The nature of the land-use contract, and (3) The mode of concluding the land-use contract; 2. Confirmation of contracting parties' qualification including as sub-subjects (1) Confirmation of the contractor's qualification and (2) Confirmation of the contract-issuing party's qualification; 3. Transfer of the farm land-use contract; and 4. The problems involving legislation for perfecting the farm land-use contract including as sub-subjects (1) establishment of the legal status of both contracting parties, (2) The principle of democratic consultation (the problem about the 5%　land reserve for emergency use, reducing the burden on farmers, protecting the rights and interests of women and children, and protecting the farmer's enthusiasm for production), (3) perfecting the responsibility system of breach of the land-use contract, and (4) perfecting the form and content of the land-use contract.
"Suggestion on Handling Agriculture and Rural Affairs of 2000" was announced by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council. The basic ways to straighten out the relationships among the country, the collective, and the farmers in the distribution system and to lighten the burden among them conscientiously are to handle the questions left over by the extension of the duration of contracted land, and to reform the tax system. It is significant to increase farmers' in-come, to promote the development of rural economy, to improve the relationship between the cadres and the masses, and to keep the countryside stable.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 = 1
• 제1장 서론 = 1
• 제1절 연구의 목적 = 1
• 제2절 연구의 범위와 방법 = 8
• Ⅰ. 서설 = 8
• Ⅱ. 연구범위 = 10
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 = 12
• 제2장 중국농촌토지제도의 沿革에 관한 고찰 = 13
• 제1절 고대 중국농촌토지법률제도 = 13
• Ⅰ. 정전제(井田制)형식의 토지제도 = 13
• Ⅱ. 점전제(占田制)형식의 토지제도 = 15
• Ⅲ. 균전제(均田制)형식의 토지제도 = 17
• Ⅳ. 永佃權制度 = 19
• Ⅴ. 소결 = 21
• 제2절 근대 중국농촌토지법률제도 = 23
• Ⅰ. 근대 중국농촌토지법률제도의 槪況 = 23
• Ⅱ. 근대 중국농촌토지점유관계의 특징 = 25
• Ⅲ. 소결 = 26
• 제3절 국민당집정기의 농촌토지법률제도 = 27
• Ⅰ. 남경국민정부의 토지개혁 = 27
• Ⅱ. 남경국민당정부토지개혁의 실패 원인 = 31
• Ⅲ. 소결 = 33
• 제3장 중국농촌집단토지소유에 관한 연구 = 34
• 제1절 농촌집단토지소유권의 개념과 이론적 근거 = 34
• Ⅰ. 농촌집단토지소유권개념 = 34
• Ⅱ. 농촌집단토지소유제의 이론적 근거 = 36
• Ⅲ. 소결 = 51
• 제2절 중국농촌집단소유제의 형성과 발전 = 53
• Ⅰ. 토지개혁과 농민토지사유제의 형성 = 53
• Ⅱ. 互助시대의 출현과 발전 = 56
• Ⅲ. 인민공사화운동 = 63
• Ⅳ. 농촌집단경제와 협동조합의 차이점 = 68
• Ⅴ. 소결 = 72
• 제3절 농촌집단소유토지범위의 확정 = 74
• Ⅰ. "4가지고정" (四固定)정책 = 74
• Ⅱ. 정책의 조절 = 76
• Ⅲ. 소결 = 78
• 제4절 농촌집단소유권의 성격과 그 주체 = 79
• Ⅰ. 농촌집단소유권의 법적 성격에 관한 논쟁 = 80
• Ⅱ .농촌집단토지소유권의 主體에 관한 검토 = 99
• Ⅲ. 농촌집단경제조직의 법인자격여부에 관한 문제 = 103
• 제5절 중국농촌토지수용 (徵收)제도 = 106
• Ⅰ. 土地徵收의 개념 = 107
• Ⅱ. 농촌집단토지수용제도의 특징 = 109
• Ⅲ. 토지수용에 관한 절차 = 113
• Ⅳ. 토지보상과 배치 = 117
• Ⅴ. 소결 = 124
• 제6절 농촌집단토지소유권제도에 대한 再考 = 124
• Ⅰ. 집단토지소유권제도의 欠缺 = 125
• Ⅱ. 농촌집단토지소유제를 보완할 데 관한 문제 = 135
• 제4장 중국농촌집단토지의 사용에 관한 연구 = 144
• 제1절 농촌토지사용권의 의의 = 144
• Ⅰ. 농촌토지사용권의 개념과 유형 = 144
• Ⅱ. 농촌집단토지사용권의 특징 = 146
• Ⅲ. 소결 = 149
• 제2절 農業用地使用權 = 149
• Ⅰ. 도급경영권의 개념과 법적 특징 = 150
• Ⅱ. 토지도급경영권의 2중성 = 160
• Ⅲ. 토지도급분쟁과 그 해결대책 = 167
• Ⅳ. 소결 = 176
• 제3절 비농업용지사용권 = 176
• Ⅰ. 농촌택지사용권 = 177
• Ⅱ. 기타 건설용지사용권 = 183
• Ⅲ. 소결 = 185
• 제4절 농촌집단토지사용제도에 관한 再考 = 187
• Ⅰ. 농촌집단토지사용제도에 관한 검토 = 187
• Ⅱ. 농촌집단토지도급경영권에 대한 검토 = 196
• Ⅲ. 농촌집단토지도급경영권의 향후 발전방향 = 203
• 제5장 결론 = 210
• 參考文獻 = 217
• Abstract = 221