일제 강점 말기 조선주둔일본군의 조선인 포로감시원 동원과 연합군 포로수용소 운영 = The Mobilization of Korean POW Guards and the Operation of POW Camps for Allied Troops, Committed by Japanese Forces Stationed in Korea during the Late Colonial Period

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Japanese colonial government placed prisoner-of-war (POW) camps inGyeongseong(京城), Inchon(仁川) and Heungnam(興南) in Korea. The Japanesearmy captured British, American, Australian and Dutch soldiers, about 120,000in all, during the Second World War, and interned them POW camps placednot only in Southeast Asian countries but in its own country, Taiwan, Chinaand Korea. It mobilized warders from among Koreans and Taiwanese.
Approximately 3,200 Koreans were mobilized to guard captives, about 3,000 ofwhom were assigned to camps in Southeast Asian countries. The others, about200, were assigned to camps in Korea.
POW camps in Korea were governed by Noguchi(野口), commander of thetraining battalion for civilians attached to the Japanese military, together withofficers dispatched to Korea. They interned 998 Caucasian captives transferredfrom Singapore with intent to propagate the colonialist ideology all over Korea.
In Korea in those days, there were a total of 3 POW camps including a branchcamp placed in 1943 in Heungnam.
The main points of POW camps in Korea may be summarized as in the following:First, they can be regarded as a means of colonization. Second, they were placedin the noncombat zone for the purpose of overseas publicity. Lastly, Korean POWGuards were also the victims of compulsory mobilization.
The allied prisoners were mostly forced to do hard labor. In Gyeongseong,they did odd jobs around the Japanese Army Headquarters in Korea or carriedits packages. In the Inchon branch, they were mobilized for constructions around the harbor and factories. In Heungnam, they served in a Japanese plant producingnitrogenous fertilizer(日本窒素肥料).
With time, meanwhile, changes occurred in the number and nationalities ofallied soldiers captured by the Japanese army. When they arrived in Busan, Korea,British soldiers accounted for the highest percentage, and there were a small numberof Australian soldiers. American soldiers captured in Japan, in the meantime, weretransferred to Korea in April, 1945, and captive soldiers in Korea were transferredto Manchurian areas including Fengtian(present, Shenyang). When captive soldierswere released, about 690 remained in POW camps in Korea.
It is presumed that Korean POW Guards were discharged with the end ofthe war. However, not much is known about their exact number and whereabouts.
In this study, the list of 91 warders was found in ‘The Guard List’ made bythe Japanese army, which is highly significant in that it first gave a clue to theexact state of Korean POW Guards who served in POW camps in Korea.

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