수업설계자의 관계론적 역량모델 개발 = Development of Relational Competency Model for Instructional Designer

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Competencies for instructional designers has been verified to be a factor that affects the result of successful instruction. However, the assumption that systematic training based on competencies deducted from the high performer`s capacities can improve instructional designer`s performance has been in doubt, and methods to approach to competency where a competency model based on expertise that a traditional competency model defines does not actually contribute to the instructional designer`s practices and performance. This research, directed to overcome the limitations of and problems with existing competency model for instructional designer, intends to develop the relational competency model with properties, at its core; relationship between competency and other dimensions, competency and the designer`s affective factors, and competency and affecting environmental elements, that are distinctive from existing individual competency models. With the result from document studies related to instructional designer`s competency and in-depth interviews with experienced and expert instructional designer, the core factors of relational competency were identified as follows: personal value competency, social relationship competency and expert design competency. These three competency elements are mutually complementary and interdependent, so they are fundamental and necessary competencies for an instruction designer to get competitive performance. To be an expert instructional designer, one has to wholly comprehend not only expert designing competencies, but also personal value competencies and social relationship competencies, which reciprocally affect expert instructional designer`s activities.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 강명희, "한국의 e-Learning 교수설계자 역량 분석" 한국직업능력개발원 9 (9): 203-229, 2006

2 유영만, "한국 HRD의 과거, 현재, 미래: 존재론적 HRD와 관계론적 HRD의 도전과 응전의 역사" 한국성인교육학회 10 (10): 147-188, 2007

3 유영만, "탈(脫)-ISD(Post-ISD) 모델의 가능성과발전방향에 대한 비판적 논의" 한국교육공학회 24 (24): 233-269, 2008

4 조용환, "질적 연구:방법과 사례" 교육과학사. 2000

5 하동수, "중소기업의 인력개발체계 하에서 계층별 역량개발의 현황분석과 발전방안 연구" 중앙대학교 대학원 2006

6 Bertalanffy, L., "일반체계이론" 민음사 1990

7 김영세, "이노베이터" 랜덤하우스코리아 2005

8 오헌석, "역량중심 인적자원개발의 비판과 쟁점 분석" 3-37, 2007

9 박민정, "역량기반 교육과정의 특징과 비판적 쟁점 분석：내재된 가능성과 딜레마를 중심으로" 한국교육과정학회 27 (27): 71-94, 2009

10 양오석, "알을 깨고 날아 오른 아프락사스(영국 및 유럽지역 연구를 위한 분석도구와 이해의 틀)" 오름 2004

11 Lucia, A. D., "알기 쉬운 역량모델링" PSI컨설팅 2001

12 손민호, "실천적 지식의 일상적 속성에 비추어 본 역량(competence)의 의미: 지식기반사회? 사회기반지식!" 한국교육과정학회 24 (24): 1-25, 2006

13 유영만, "수업체제설계(ISD)탐구논리와 실천논리" 교육과학사 1998

14 유영만, "성찰적,설계 예술적 관점에서 본 수업설계자 육성방안 제고" 12 (12): 113-141, 1996

15 박기용, "설계의 본질에 기반한 교수설계모형의 분석 및 활성화 방안" 경북대학교 대학원 2007

16 윤영수, "복잡계 개론:세상을 움직이는 숨겨진 질서읽기" 삼성경제연구소 2005

17 Joyce, S. J., "변화를 이기는 슈퍼조직의 비밀 CQ 협업지능" Credu 2008

18 Spencer, L., "모델의 개발과 활용" PSI 컨설팅 1998

19 이용숙, "교육에서의 질적 연구. in: 교육연구에서의 질적 자료의 분석" 교육과학사 107-186, 1998

20 한숭희, "교사의 기능과 역할:교육과 재교육의 문제" 13 : 1995

21 백남영, "관계론" 삶과꿈 1996

22 윤석철, "경영학의 진리체계" 경문사 2001

23 Polanyi, M., "개인적 지식: 후기비판적 철학을 향하여" 아카넷 1958

24 신영복, "강의:나의 동양고전 독법" 돌베개 2004

25 Nonaka, I., "knowledge-creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation" Oxford University Press 1995

26 Pinto, P. R., "What do training and development professionals really do?" 22 (22): 58-64, 1978

27 Sandberg, J., "Understanding human competence at work: An interpretative approach" 43 (43): 9-25, 2000

28 Tripp, S. D., "Two theories of design and instructional design" 1991

29 Robinson, D. G., "Training for Impact:How to Link Training to Business Needs and Measure the Results.San Francisco" Jossey-Bass 1989

30 IBSTPI, "Training Managers Competencies: The Standards. International Board of Standards for Training, Performance and Instruction"

31 Norris, N., "The trouble with competence" 21 (21): 331-341, 1991

32 Parry, S. R., "The quest for competencies" 33 (33): 48-56, 1996

33 Schippman, J. S., "The practice of competency modeling" 53 (53): 703-740, 2000

34 Matlay, H., "The impact of e-business models and strategies in the small business sector of the British economy: A critical perspective, Confidential Working Paper" Global independent Research 2001

35 Giddens, A., "The constitution of society" Polity Press. 1984

36 Dubois, D. D., "The competency case book: twelve studies in competency-based performance improvement" Human Resource Development Press and the International Society for Performance Improvement 1998

37 Barrat-Pugh, L., "The competence approach: Constricting development or the freedom to learn?" Cowan University 13-19, 1995

38 Klemp, G. O., "The assessment of occupational competency" National Institute of Education 1980

39 Schön, D. A., "The Reflective practitioner" Basic Books 1983

40 Boyatzis, R., "The Competent manager: A model for effective performance" John Wiley & Son publishing 1982

41 McClelland, D. C., "Testing for competence rather than intelligence" 28 : 1-14, 1973

42 Elbaz, "Teacher thinking: A study of practical knowledge" Nichols 1983

43 Checkland, P. B., "Soft systems methodology: A 30 year retrospective" John Wiley & Sons 1999

44 Atchison, B. J., "Roles and competencies of instructional design as identified by expert instructional designers" Wayne State University 1996

45 Townley, B., "Reframing human resource management: Power, ethics and the subject of work" Sage 1994

46 Oakeshott, M., "Rationalism in politics and other essays" Liberty Press 1962

47 Dorsey, L. T., "Rapid collaborative prototyping as an instructional paradigm. in: Instructional development paradigms" Educational Technology Publications 445-465, 1997

48 Pirolli, P., "On the art of building: Putting a new instructional design into practice" 1989

49 Ashworth, P. D., "On competence" 14 (14): 3-25, 1990

50 Margaret, R., "Models of competence and teacher training" 25 (25): 133-144, 1995

51 McLagan, P. A., "Models for HRD practice: The models" American Society for Training and Development 1989

52 Collin, A., "Managers' competence: Rhetoric, reality and research" 28 (28): 20-25, 1989

53 Denzin, N. K., "Interpretive interactionism" Sage 1989

54 IBSTPI, "Instructional Design Competencies: The Standards, International Board of Standards for Training, Performance and Instruction"

55 IBSTPI, "Instructional Design Competencies: The Standards, International Board of Standards for Training, Performance and Instruction"

56 Grzeda, M. M., "In competence we trust?: Addressing conceptual ambiguity" 24 (24): 530-543, 2005

57 Byun, H., "Identifying job types and competencies for instructional technologists: A five-year analysis" Indiana University 2000

58 Kennedy M., "Guidelines for graduate educational technology programs with an emphasis in training in the business and industry milieu.Unpublished doctoral dissertation" Indiana University 1982

59 Raelin, J. A., "From generic to organic competencies" 18 (18): 24-33, 1995

60 Jacobs, R., "Evaluating managerial performance: The need for more innovative approaches" 1989

61 Schön, D. A., "Educating the reflective practitioner: Toward a new design for teaching and learning in the professions" Jossey-Bass 1987

62 Rowland, G., "Educating instructional designer: Different methods for different outcomes" 34 (34): 5-11, 1994

63 Thomson, R., "Developing Human Resources" Butterworth-Heinemann 1994

64 Rowland, G., "Designing and instructional design" 41 (41): 1993

65 Parhar, M., "Competencies for web-based instructional designers" 415-422, 2000

66 Corbin, J., "Competencies for electronic information services" 4 (4): 5-22, 1993

67 Thach, E. C., "Competencies for distance education professionals" 43 (43): 57-79, 1995

68 Garavan, T. N., "Competencies and workplace learning: some reflections on the rhetoric and the reality" 13 (13): 144-163, 2001

69 Rosenberg, M. J., "Beyond E-Learning" Credu 2006

70 Stumpf, S. A., "Applying new science theories in leadership development activities" 14 (14): 39-49, 1995

71 Parrish, P. E., "Aesthetic principles for instructional design" 57 (57): 511-528, 2009

72 Collins, M., "A critical analysis of competency-based systems in adult education" 33 (33): 174-183, 1983