시제의 의미 및 사용과 관련된 몇 문제 = Some Issues on the Meaning and the Usages of Tense in Korean

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this article lies in examining some issues on what tense forms basically mean and when these forms are used. The past tense fundamently implies that given situations no longer continue, but this is just implicature. It means that there has been no presupposition that the past tense is combined only when the situation in question no longer continues into the present. Tense can be determined first by limiting the time at which the speaker wants to make an utterance(=TT) and then selecting a situation that is located at this time. TT, however, is a concept relevant to what (or what variable) affects tense determination, rather than to what is the referential meaning of tense form, in that the truth condition of the sentence depends on whether the situation in question is located in the given TT, even when tense is determined by TT. Many researchers have mentioned that the problem lies in the fact that ‘-eoss-’ or ‘-eosseoss-’ frequently occurs even in environments that do not require past tense or pluperfect tense. However, these usages must be understood to aim at implicatures implied in ‘-eoss-’ and ‘-eosseoss-’. Tense forms could be selected by their implicature as well as their denotation.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 한현종, "현대국어의 시제체계의 수립과 그 제약조건" 서울대 국어연구회 99 : 1990

2 이지양, "현대국어의 시상형태에 대한 연구- ‘-었-’, ‘-고 있-’, ‘-어 있-’을 중심으로" 서울대 국어연구회 51 : 1982

3 한동완, "현대국어 시제의 체계적 연구" 서강대 6 : 1984

4 이재성, "한국어의 시제와 상" 국학자료원 2001

5 고영근, "한국어의 시제 서법 동작상" 태학사 2004

6 문숙영, "한국어 시제 범주 연구" 서울대학교 2005

7 정희자, "영어에서 시제 선택의 화용상 조건" 영어영문학회 34 (34): 745-765, 1988

8 문숙영, "시제 어미 및 시제 상당 표현의 사용과 관련한 몇 문제" 한국어의미학회 27 : 45-73, 2008

9 정소우, "내포절의 시제 연구" 담화인지언어학회 4 (4): 111-129, 1997

10 한동완, "국어의 시제 연구" 태학사 1996

11 조민정, "국어의 상에 대한 연구" 연세대 2001

12 문숙영, "국어 시제 정의에서의 ‘참조시’와 ‘주제시’의 역할에 대한 고찰 in: 우리말연구 서른아홉마당" 태학사 193-230, 2005

13 최동주, "국어 시상체계의 통시적 변화에 관한 연구" 서울대학교 1995

14 서정수, "국어 시상 형태소의 의미분석 연구" 문법연구회 3 : 83-158, 1976

15 文璹永, "大過去 時制와 ‘-었었-’" 한국어문교육연구회 31 (31): 59-184, 2003

16 Klein, W., "Time in Language" 1994

17 Bybee, J., "The creation of tense and aspect systems in the language of the world" 13 (13): 51-103, 1989

18 Smith. C. S., "The Syntax and Interpretation of Temporal Expressions in English" 2 : 43-99, 1978

19 Joos, M., "The English Verb" University of Wisconsin Press 1964

20 Nessa Wolfson, "The Conversational Historical Present Alternation" 55 : 168-182, 1979

21 Lee, Hyo-Sang, "Tense, Aspect, and Modality: a Discourse-Pragmatic Analysis of Verbal Affixes in Korean from a Typological Perspective" UCLA Press 1991

22 Lee, Hyo-Sang, "Tense, Aspect, and Modality: a Discourse-Pragmatic Analysis of Verbal Affixes in Korean from a Typological Perspective" UCLA Press 1991

23 Lakoff, R., "Tense and its Relation to Participants" 46 (46): 838-849, 1970

24 Kiparsky,P, "Tense and Mood in Indo-European Syntax" 4 : 30-57, 1968

25 Dahl, Ö., "Tense and Aspect Systems" Blackwell 1985

26 Comrie, B., "Tense" Cambridge 1985

27 Mimo Caenepeel, "Temporal structure and discourse structure, Tense and Aspect in Discourse" Mouton de Gruyter 5-20, 1994

28 Kratzer, A., "Stage-level and Individual-level Predicates" 247-284, 1988

29 Levinson S. C., "Pragmatics" Cambridge University Press 1983

30 최영석, "On the Meaning and Function of the Historical Present Tense" 현대문법학회 27 : 147-160, 2002

31 Palmer, F. R., "Mood and Modality" Cambridge University Press 1986

32 Ogihara, T., "Double-Access Sentence and Reference to States" 3 : 177-210, 1995

33 Talmy, L., "Decoupling in the semantics of Attention and Perspective" University of Oregon 1987

34 Jesperson, O., "A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles, Part 3" Winter 1929