청동기시대전기취락의입지와생업환경 = A Study on the Settlement Location and the Livelihood and Economy of the Earlier Bronze Age

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Previous studies on ancient settlement location have been based on a purely archaeological approach, rather than a geographical or a combined archaeological and geographical approach. The location of ancient settlements, in conjunction with their livelihood and economy, has been regarded as a key topic of research.
In recent years, diverse studies on settlement location which focus on their situation within the landscape have been carried out.
This study considered the location of settlements from a landscape perspective. The Cheonan and Asan area was the focus of investigation as extensive survey of this region has made it possible to gain a relatively complete picture of settlements in the Earlier Bronze Age. In analyzing the sites of the region, this study considered the determinants and causes which influenced settlement location.
Settlement location was analyzed by examining topography, soil, and landscape visibility. The topography was studied from a macroscopic perspective, which involved the classification of hills, as well as by conducting microscopic analyses of altitude, topographic slope gradient, slope direction,relative altitude vis-à-vis low-lying land, and distance from rivers. Soil was studied by examining the geological features of the settlements and their surroundings. Based on these analyses, optimal locations for raising crops near the settlements and their surrounding landscape were identified in order to examine issues of livelihood and the economy─this would have been one of several requirements for settlement location. Lastly, the landscape visibility of settlements and of wider areas was analyzed in order to identify the relationship between the settlements, and to explore the possibility that, like with modern people, securing a good view of the landscape may have been one of the key factors determining the location of settlements.
In considering the factors which influenced the location of settlements,aspects of livelihood and economy were also examined, in conjunction with location analysis. Therefore, the ratio of stone tools and internal and external storage facilities were analyzed as a means of identifying activities associated with livelihood and the economy. The study indicates that a diverse range of livelihood activities took place within the settlements; it was also possible to consider the social and economic meaning of settlements which were superior in terms of production, storage, and consumption.
The findings also confirm that the location of settlements was distinctly varied even within similar climatic environments. The study found that the settlement sites of Sinbang-dong and Yonghwa-dong, in Cheonan and Asan, illustrated the most favorable of locations. This superiority of location may have enabled the area to develop more. However, the Baekseong-dong area, despite having many conditions of bad location, was found to have been equipped with other good conditions, which made it possible to overcome the bad ones. This suggests that,although conditions of favorable settlement location may have facilitated the gathering of large populations and the creation of large settlements, they were not necessarily essential for the formation of large settlements. Certain settlements overcame unfavorable location conditions to create good livelihood environments.

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