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      개정 상가건물임대차보호법과 바람직한 임차인 보호방안 - 존속보장과 영업보상 - = The Revision of Commercial Building Lease Protection Act and Desirable Policy of Protection of Tenants - Guarantee of Renewal and Compensation of Business -

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=A104981292

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

      The phenomenon referred to as “premium" in Korea is a group of various legal relations which have different contents and forms. These relations can be most extensively explained by analyzing whose and which interest should be protected in the context of tenancy. The analysis shows that location-interest should belong to landlords while business-interest should belong to business owners. In principle, business-interest can be reflected in rents via rent adjustment claim. If the landlord himself is the business-owner, established case law can deal with the problem of the restoration of premium adequately.
      Accordingly, the problem of premium can be rephrased as the problem of how to protect the business interest of tenant-business-owner. This approach could produce extensive and efficient policy. Many legal systems adopt this approach for this reason. Typical way of protection of tenants’ business interest includes guarantee of renewal and compensation of business. The former is more effective and efficient way but needs to be complemented by the latter in those exceptional cases where it is allowed for landlords to refuse to renew tenancy.
      Commercial Building Lease Protection Act (“CBLPA”) awards tenants claim for renewal within 5 years of from the beginning of the tenancy, which is insufficient to function as a proper system of guarantee of renewal. This is not only because 5 years is much shorter than the period that affects the decision of tenants on the amount of investment in the premise, but also because the fact that landlords can arbitrarily decide whether to renew tenancy after that period causes a gap between expected available tenancy period and actual available tenancy period, which leads to unexpected loss of tenants and social under-investment.
      Recently revised CBLPA impose on landlords duty to refrain from interference with tenants’ effort to reclaim the premium. This practically acts as a system of indirect guarantee of renewal and compensation of business beyond the period for exercise of the claim for renewal. But this function is very limited because of the narrow extent of the duty to refrain from interference. The standard to asses the amount of loss, especially the appraisal of premium is largely inappropriate and imperfect. Above all, vesting tenants with location-interest and the ambiguity of the period for assessment of expected interest implicates a lot of problems. There is also the need to revise some articles to obviate the evasion of law on the part of landlords and secure the viability of the system.
      All things taken together, it is required to introduce more comprehensive system of guarantee of renewal and compensation of business. As for guarantee of renewal, the maximum period for exercise of the claim for renewal should be extended longer than the period that affects the decision of tenants on the amount of investment, or abolished altogether. As for compensation of business, we need to go further than just relying on the private disposal of tenants by way of the reclamation of premium, and make landlords compensate for tenants’ business interest when tenancy terminates before the period of guaranteed renewal expires. In the assessment of the amount compensation, it is desirable to prevent the overlap with the system of the protection of tenants’ opportunity of reclamation of premium and have those systems reconcile with each other.
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      The phenomenon referred to as “premium" in Korea is a group of various legal relations which have different contents and forms. These relations can be most extensively explained by analyzing whose and which interest should be protected in the contex...

      The phenomenon referred to as “premium" in Korea is a group of various legal relations which have different contents and forms. These relations can be most extensively explained by analyzing whose and which interest should be protected in the context of tenancy. The analysis shows that location-interest should belong to landlords while business-interest should belong to business owners. In principle, business-interest can be reflected in rents via rent adjustment claim. If the landlord himself is the business-owner, established case law can deal with the problem of the restoration of premium adequately.
      Accordingly, the problem of premium can be rephrased as the problem of how to protect the business interest of tenant-business-owner. This approach could produce extensive and efficient policy. Many legal systems adopt this approach for this reason. Typical way of protection of tenants’ business interest includes guarantee of renewal and compensation of business. The former is more effective and efficient way but needs to be complemented by the latter in those exceptional cases where it is allowed for landlords to refuse to renew tenancy.
      Commercial Building Lease Protection Act (“CBLPA”) awards tenants claim for renewal within 5 years of from the beginning of the tenancy, which is insufficient to function as a proper system of guarantee of renewal. This is not only because 5 years is much shorter than the period that affects the decision of tenants on the amount of investment in the premise, but also because the fact that landlords can arbitrarily decide whether to renew tenancy after that period causes a gap between expected available tenancy period and actual available tenancy period, which leads to unexpected loss of tenants and social under-investment.
      Recently revised CBLPA impose on landlords duty to refrain from interference with tenants’ effort to reclaim the premium. This practically acts as a system of indirect guarantee of renewal and compensation of business beyond the period for exercise of the claim for renewal. But this function is very limited because of the narrow extent of the duty to refrain from interference. The standard to asses the amount of loss, especially the appraisal of premium is largely inappropriate and imperfect. Above all, vesting tenants with location-interest and the ambiguity of the period for assessment of expected interest implicates a lot of problems. There is also the need to revise some articles to obviate the evasion of law on the part of landlords and secure the viability of the system.
      All things taken together, it is required to introduce more comprehensive system of guarantee of renewal and compensation of business. As for guarantee of renewal, the maximum period for exercise of the claim for renewal should be extended longer than the period that affects the decision of tenants on the amount of investment, or abolished altogether. As for compensation of business, we need to go further than just relying on the private disposal of tenants by way of the reclamation of premium, and make landlords compensate for tenants’ business interest when tenancy terminates before the period of guaranteed renewal expires. In the assessment of the amount compensation, it is desirable to prevent the overlap with the system of the protection of tenants’ opportunity of reclamation of premium and have those systems reconcile with each other.

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      참고문헌 (Reference)

      1 원용수, "프랑스법상의 영업재산의 개념" 34 (34): 1993

      2 원용수, "프랑스 상법상 영업재산의 양도·담보 및 이용대차제도의 어제와 오늘" 법학연구소 21 (21): 133-178, 2010

      3 곽윤직, "채권각론(제6판)" 박영사 2003

      4 김영두, "점포임차인의 영업보호에 관한 연구" 한국민사법학회 70 : 623-694, 2015

      5 김영두, "점포임차인의 영업보호 관련 선진 입법례 및 운용사례 연구" 법무부 2015

      6 소재선, "점포임대차법안의 문제점과 올바른 입법방향" 4 (4): 1997

      7 김영두, "임차인 보호를 위한 권리금 법제화에 대한 검토" 한국부동산연구원 2013

      8 김영일, "임대차에 있어서 권리금을 둘러싼 제문제" 법원행정처 32 : 1986

      9 장민, "임대차법제의 비교법적 연구" 법무부 2010

      10 공순진, "영업용 건물 임대차에 관한 비교법적 연구" 17 : 2001

      1 원용수, "프랑스법상의 영업재산의 개념" 34 (34): 1993

      2 원용수, "프랑스 상법상 영업재산의 양도·담보 및 이용대차제도의 어제와 오늘" 법학연구소 21 (21): 133-178, 2010

      3 곽윤직, "채권각론(제6판)" 박영사 2003

      4 김영두, "점포임차인의 영업보호에 관한 연구" 한국민사법학회 70 : 623-694, 2015

      5 김영두, "점포임차인의 영업보호 관련 선진 입법례 및 운용사례 연구" 법무부 2015

      6 소재선, "점포임대차법안의 문제점과 올바른 입법방향" 4 (4): 1997

      7 김영두, "임차인 보호를 위한 권리금 법제화에 대한 검토" 한국부동산연구원 2013

      8 김영일, "임대차에 있어서 권리금을 둘러싼 제문제" 법원행정처 32 : 1986

      9 장민, "임대차법제의 비교법적 연구" 법무부 2010

      10 공순진, "영업용 건물 임대차에 관한 비교법적 연구" 17 : 2001

      11 나채준, "영국의 상가 임차권에 대한 손실보상제도에 대한 연구 ― 영국의 영업 손실보상제도와 상가 권리금보상에 대한 논의를 중심으로 ―" 한국공법학회 37 (37): 287-310, 2009

      12 경국현, "시장관계성에 기초한 상가권리금의 재조명" 한국부동산연구원 22 (22): 145-171, 2012

      13 정찬형, "상법강의(상)(제17판)" 박영사 2014

      14 이충훈, "상가임대차 권리금 계약에 관한 현황과 정책방향" 국회입법조사처 2009

      15 박상현, "상가권리금의 보상과 평가" 한국부동산연구원 21 (21): 49-71, 2011

      16 박준모, "상가권리금의 결정요인에 관한 실증적 연구" 한국주거환경학회 12 (12): 23-37, 2014

      17 박성규, "상가권리금에 대한 법경제학적 고찰" 한국공간환경학회 24 (24): 5-41, 2014

      18 김승종, "상가권리금 법제화가 부동산시장에 미치는 영향분석 - 전문가 인식조사를 중심으로 -" 한국주거환경학회 13 (13): 265-275, 2015

      19 권영수, "상가건물임차인의 행태분석에 관한 연구 -권리금을 중심으로-" 한국법학회 (39) : 19-37, 2010

      20 임윤수, "상가건물임차인의 지위강화에 관한 연구" 한국법학회 (31) : 143-164, 2008

      21 권영수, "상가건물임차인의 권리금회수방안에 관한 실증적 연구" 한국법학회 (28) : 133-157, 2007

      22 이은희, "상가건물임차인의 계약갱신요구권" 한국민사법학회 (26) : 113-142, 2004

      23 원상철, "상가건물임차권의 보호문제" 한국경영교육학회 (44) : 225-244, 2006

      24 조장우, "상가건물임대차에서의 권리금 보호에 관한 연구" 대한부동산학회 28 (28): 191-206, 2010

      25 최진이, "상가건물임대차보호법의 문제점과 개선방안에 관한 고찰" 한국기업법학회 19 (19): 293-322, 2005

      26 김제완, "상가건물임대차보호법의 문제점" 9 (9): 2002

      27 김남근, "상가건물임대차보호법의 개선방향에 대하여" 서울지방변호사회 2003

      28 오호철, "상가건물임대차보호법상 문제점과 개선방향에 관한 연구" 한국지적정보학회 10 (10): 1-20, 2008

      29 박영욱, "상가건물임대차보호법" 2002

      30 권오승, "상가건물의 권리금에 관한 연구" 한국비교사법학회 17 (17): 111-140, 2010

      31 최환주, "상가건물 임차인 보호에 관한 연구 : 경매절차를 중심으로" 전남대학교 대학원 2007

      32 배병일, "상가건물 임대차의 권리금" 한국민사법학회 (26) : 143-169, 2004

      33 Amos Tversky, "불확실한 상황에서의 판단 : 추단법과 편향" 아카넷 2001

      34 김기선, "부동산임대차에 있어서의 보증금 및 권리금" (263) : 1981

      35 김강수, "법과 경제학" 한국경제연구원 1997

      36 한순구, "법경제학(Law and Economics)" 경문사 2009

      37 곽윤직, "민법주해[XV]" 박영사 2009

      38 양창수, "독일의 새로운 임대차법" 43 (43): 2002

      39 김정욱, "권리금에 대한 법경제학적 접근" 한국개발연구원 2011

      40 이동률, "권리금에 관한 연구" 중앙법학회 12 (12): 35-60, 2010

      41 김서기, "권리금계약에 관한 일고찰" 안암법학회 (42) : 279-304, 2013

      42 김영두, "권리금 회수기회 보호에 관한 고찰" 법조협회 64 (64): 108-167, 2015

      43 김만웅, "권리금 통제를 위한 상가임대차 보호법의 개선방안" 한국토지법학회 20 : 93-114, 2004

      44 권영준, "계약법의 사상적 기초와 그 시사점 - 자율과 후견의 관점에서 -" 한국법학원 (124) : 169-203, 2011

      45 김선이, "각국의 영업용건물 임대차 법제" 법무부 1996

      46 Kim, C., "Short-Term Leases, Long-Term Investments, and Tradable Goodwill" (10) : 2001

      47 Keith Davies, "Law of Compulsory Purchase and Compensation" Butterworth 1984

      48 Leasehold Committee, "Interim Report on Tenure and Rents of Business Premises" The Stationery Office 1949

      49 Home Office, "Government Policy on Leasehold Property in England and Wales" H.M. Stationery Office 1953

      50 Jeremy Rowan Robinson, "Compulsory Purchase and Compensation" Sweet & Maxwell 1995

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