대학생의 자기성장주도성과 진로소명에 따른 군집 유형별 진로적응 및 삶의 만족의 차이 = Differences in the Career Adaptability and Life Satisfaction According to Cluster Types Based on the Personal Growth Initiative and Career Calling

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined cluster types based on subtypes of career calling and personal growth initiative that would be predicting different degree of career adaptability and life satisfaction grounded in constructivist approach to career development. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with college students and cluster analysis was carried out for a total of 206 participated students. Four clusters were suggested that is characterized by the levels of subtypes of career calling and personal growth initiative: ‘Personal growth-goal oriented career calling type’ (Cluster 1), ‘Growth deficiency-absence of calling type’ (Cluster 2), ‘Growth initiative-career calling type’ (Cluster 3), and ‘passive-inactive career calling type’ (Cluster 4). Significant differences among clusters were found in levels of career adaptability and life satisfaction by carrying out of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Cluster 3 was higher than any other clusters in terms of career adaptability and life satisfaction. Whereas Cluster 2 was lower than any other clusters in terms of career adaptability and life satisfaction. Cluster 4 was higher significantly than Cluster 2 in terms of career adaptability. However there was no difference in life satisfaction. These results imply that personal independent growth initiative should be taken into consideration of career calling study referring to understand career adaptability and life satisfaction of college student. Finally, the implications of these findings for counseling practice and recommendations for future study were discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 구성주의 진로발달 이론을 근거로 진로소명 하위 차원과 자기성장주도성에 따른 군집 유형을 확인하고, 각 집단 별로 진로적응 및 삶의 만족 수준에 차이가 있는지 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 대학생을 대상으로 설문을 수집하고 군집분석을 실시하였으며, 4개의 군집 유형을 확인하였다. 각 집단의 진로소명 하위 차원 및 자기성장주도성의 특성에 따라 군집 1은 ‘자기성장-목적중심 진로소명형’, 군집 2는 ‘성장결여-소명 부재형’, 군집 3은 ‘성장주도-진로소명형’, 군집 4는 ‘수동-소극 진로소명형’으로 구분하여 명명하였다. 다변량 분석을 실시하여 진로적응 및 삶의 만족에 대한 집단 별 차이를 확인한 결과, 군집 간 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 성장주도-진로소명형의 진로적응 및 삶의 만족 수준이 가장 높았으며, 성장결여-소명 부재형의 진로적응 및 삶의 만족 수준은 가장 낮았다. 군집 4는 군집 2에 비해 진로적응 수준은 유의하게 높았으나, 삶의 만족 수준에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 진로소명 연구에서 개인의 주체적인 성장의지가 주요하게 고려될 필요가 있음을 시사한다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의 및 대학생 상담에의 시사점을 제시하였으며 후속 연구에 대한 제안을 논하였다.

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