리더의 코칭행동이 구성원의 태도에 미치는 영향: 직무만족의 매개효과와 감성지능의 조절효과 = The Effect of Leader's Coaching Behavior on Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction and Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

According to the recent changes in the management environment, leaders are asked to have an ability to draw potential of employees. Coaching, as one of the strategies of human resources development, is drawing to people's attention. The purpose of the study is to analyze the mechanism of leader's coaching behavior which influences the attitude and behavior of employees. We tested serious hypotheses which propose the relationships among leader’s coaching behavior, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover, and emotional intelligence. Specifically, job satisfaction is considered as a mediator between leader’s coaching behavior and employee’s attitudes(organizational commitment and turnover intention). As for a moderating effect, we determined emotional intelligence which draws attentions in the recent organizational behavior studies. We collected and analyzed the data from 285 employees of both public and private sector in Korea. SPSS 20 was applied for the analysis. The research findings are as follows: First, we found that leader's coaching behavior was positively associated with organizational commitment, but negatively associated with turnover intention. Second, our empirical data showed that job satisfaction was mediating the relationship between leader's coaching behavior and organizational commitment, between leader’s coaching behavior and turnover intention. Third, emotional intelligence moderated the relationship between leader’s coaching behavior and turnover intention negatively. Based on the research findings, this paper makes theoretical and practical contributions: theoretically, it contributes to deepening our understanding of leader’s coaching behavior by suggesting a theoretical model regarding leader’s coaching behavior, job satisfaction, employee’s attitude and emotional intelligence. We found the mechanism of leader's coaching behavior which influences employee’s attitude and behavior. Practically, this study suggested that it is necessary to concentrate on leader’s coaching in the operational level considering the influence of leader’s coaching behavior on employees. It is also important to take care of employee’s emotional intelligence. Future research is necessary to explore various factors which can influence the effectiveness of coaching such as the context of coaching, relationship with coaching customers, coach's competency, etc. Some limitations of the study and future research directions were also discussed.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 박동수, "팀장의 리더십이 구성원의 경력몰입과 이직의도에 미치는 영향 -감성지능의 조절효과-" 한국기업경영학회 17 (17): 1-22, 2010

2 이지영, "코칭이 리더-부하와의 교환관계(LMX), 조직지원인식, 조직몰입에 미치는 영향" 한국인적자원관리학회 22 (22): 89-108, 2015

3 조성진, "코칭이 공무원의 자기효능감과 조직유효성에 미치는 영향과 이에 대한 감성지능의 조절효과" 사회과학연구소 24 (24): 47-66, 2013

4 하원식, "코칭리더십이 맥락수행 및 창의적 행동에 미치는 영향: 조직미덕과 학습목표지향성의 조절효과" 한국산업및조직심리학회 25 (25): 195-213, 2012

5 강영순, "코칭리더십, 기본심리욕구, 혁신행동, 조직시민행동의 구조적 관계" 대한경영학회 26 (26): 1909-1928, 2013

6 조은현, "코칭리더십 척도 개발 및 타당화" 한국산업및조직심리학회 24 (24): 127-155, 2011

7 홍지숙, "코칭교육의 효과성에 관한 연구 : 영업 분야를 중심으로" 151-172, 2006

8 조성진, "코칭ABC" 심포지움 출판사 2008

9 조성진, "코칭 효과 연구를 위한 코칭 프로그램 개발과 평가" 한국인적자원개발학회 13 (13): 27-74, 2010

10 오인수, "직무만족, 조직몰입, 성과, 이직의도 간의 관련성: 문헌고찰 및 메타분석" 한국인사조직학회 15 (15): 43-86, 2007

11 홍의숙, "중소기업 리더 코칭이 자기효능감을 매개로 직무관련성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구" 숭실대학교 대학원 2009

12 지성호, "주도성 및 상사코칭과 조직경력성장의 관계에서 지속경력학습의 매개효과" 한국인사관리학회 38 (38): 151-180, 2014

13 황필주, "조직구성원의 감성지능이 직무만족과 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향" 한국생산성학회 25 (25): 311-330, 2011

14 조성진, "자기효능감, 성과 및 가족관계에 미치는 영향과 이에 대한 감성지능의 조절효과" 충남대학교 2009

15 이정민, "세일즈 매니저의 코칭이 감성지능과 조직유효성에 미치는 영향" 목원대학교 2015

16 양병철, "상사 코칭과 직무수행의 관계에서 건설적 사고와 직무열의의 이중매개효과" 한국상업교육학회 29 (29): 205-232, 2015

17 채서일, "사회과학조사방법론" 비엔엠북스 2014

18 최영진, "병원직원의 직무만족과 조직몰입에 관한 연구" 한국생산성학회 26 (26): 319-341, 2012

19 이화용, "변혁적 리더십이 조직의 유효성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 리더의 감성지능(Emotional Intelligence)의 조절 효과" 경희대학교 대학원 2004

20 Hargrove, R., "마스터풀 코칭" 김앤김북스 2006

21 김정식, "리더의 코칭행위가 조직구성원들의 인지적 유연성과 성과에 미치는 영향" 한국인적자원관리학회 15 (15): 31-48, 2008

22 박연임, "리더의 코칭행동이 팀 성과와 팀 만족에 미치는 영향에 있어서 자기효능감, 진정추구리더십의 조절효과" 한국상업교육학회 26 (26): 153-182, 2012

23 박소희, "리더의 코칭행동이 부하 직원의 학습과 조직몰입 및 이직의도에 미치는 영향" 한국직업능력개발원 13 (13): 75-99, 2010

24 김기영, "리더의 코칭리더십이 자긍심과 조직효율성에 미치는 영향 연구" 한국관광연구학회 26 (26): 163-180, 2012

25 원상봉, "리더의 코칭리더십이 구성원의 경력계획 및 태도에 미치는 영향에대한 연구" 3 (3): 147-157, 2011

26 이선희, "리더십 코칭 연구의 현재와 향후 연구방향" 사회과학연구소 20 (20): 115-142, 2009

27 최일환, "다수준(multi-level)분석을 통한 공공기관 중간관리자의 코칭과 조직시민행동 간의 관계연구 - 자기효능감 매개효과 -" 한국인적자원관리학회 19 (19): 119-140, 2012

28 조미희, "농업인 교육훈련이 직무만족에 미치는 영향: 심리적 자본의 조절효과를 중심으로" 한국생산성학회 30 (30): 133-162, 2016

29 박재진, "기업체 중간관리자의 코칭리더십, 학습조직, 구성원의 문제해결능력 및 조직유효성 변인 간의 구조적 관계" 한국기업교육학회 15 (15): 1-28, 2013

30 이순규, "그룹 코칭 프로그램이 간호사의 감성지능과 자기효능감에 미치는 효과" 연세대학교 대학원 2007

31 정만해, "공군 조종사의 직장-가정 갈등과 직무만족, 가정생활만족 및 이직의도와의 관계 연구" 한국인사조직학회 24 (24): 65-84, 2016

32 문재승, "경력지향성이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향 : 조직지원의 조절효과" 한국상업교육학회 24 (24): 289-316, 2010

33 Grant, A. M., "Workplace, Executive and Life Coaching: An Annotated Bibliography from the Behavioral Science and Business Literature" Coaching Psychology Unit, University of Sydney, Australia 2009

34 Goleman, D. P., "What Makes a Leader" 76 (76): 93-102, 1998

35 Wenzel, L. H., "Understanding Managerial Coaching: The Role of Manager Attributes and Skills in Effective Coaching" Colorado State University 2000

36 Rivers, R., "Transformational Leadership : Creating a Prosperity-planning Coaching Model for RN retention" 9 (9): 48-51, 2011

37 Kuhnert, K. W., "Transactional and Transformational Leadership : A Constructive/Developmental Analysis" 12 (12): 648-657, 1987

38 Kilburg, R. R., "Toward a Conceptual Understanding and Definition of Executive Coaching" 48 (48): 134-144, 1996

39 Cilliers, F., "The systems Psychodynamic Leadership Coaching Experiences of Nursing Managers" 15 (15): 1-9, 2010

40 Locke, E. A., "The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction" 1 : 1297-1343, 1976

41 Baron, R. M., "The Moderator–Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research : Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations" 51 (51): 1173-1182, 1986

42 Allen, N. J., "The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to the Organization" 63 : 1-18, 1990

43 Kim, S., "The Impact of Managerial Coaching Behavior on Employee Work-related Reactions" 28 (28): 315-330, 2013

44 Vince, R., "The Impact of Emotion on Organizational Learning" 85 (85): 72-85, 2002

45 Arnold, J. A., "The Empowering Leadership Questionnaire : The Construction and Validation of a New Scale for Measuring Leader Behaviors" 21 : 249-269, 2000

46 Caruso, D., "The Emotionally Intelligent Manager" Jossey Bass 2004

47 Morand, D. A., "The Emotional Intelligence of managers : Assessing the Construct of Validity of a Nonverbal Measure of People Skills" 16 (16): 21-33, 2001

48 Wong, Chi-Sum., "The Effects of Leader and Follower Emotional Intelligence on Performance and Attitude : an Exploratory Study" 13 : 243-274, 2002

49 Barrett, P. T., "The Effects of Group Coaching on Executive Health and Team Effectiveness: A Quasi-Experimental Field Study" Regent University. 2006

50 Lok, P., "The Effect of Organisational Culture and Leadership Style on Job Satisfaction and Organisational Commitment : A Cross-National Comparison" 23 (23): 321-338, 2004

51 Heslin, P. A., "The Effect of Implicit Person Theory on Performance Appraisals" 90 (90): 842-856, 2005

52 Moen, F., "The Effect from Executive Coaching on Performance Psychology" 7 (7): 31-49, 2009

53 Ellinger, A. D., "Supervisory Coaching Behavior, Employee Satisfaction, and Warehouse Employee Performance : A Dyadic Perspective in the Distribution Industry" 14 (14): 435-458, 2003

54 Karsten, M., "Professional coaching as an effective strategy to retaining frontline managers" 40 (40): 140-144, 2010

55 Aldag, R. J, "Organizational Behavior and Management: An Integrated Skills Approach" Thomson Learning 2002

56 Porter, L. W., "Organization Commitment, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Among Psychiatric Technicians" 59 (59): 603-609, 1974

57 Curry, J. P., "On the Causal Ordering of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment" 29 (29): 847-858, 1986

58 Joo, B. K. B., "Multiple Faces of Coaching : Manager-as-Coach, Executive Coaching, and Formal Mentoring" 30 (30): 19-38, 2012

59 Vroom, V., "Motivation and Work" Wiley 1964

60 Ellinger, A. D., "Managerial Coaching Behaviors in Learning Organizations" 18 (18): 752-771, 1999

61 Hagen, M. S., "Managerial Coaching : A Review of the Literature" 24 (24): 17-39, 2012

62 Stowell, S. J., "Leadership and the Coaching Process in Organizations" 1987

63 Schaufeli, W.B, "Job Demand, Job Resource, and Their Relationship with Burnout and Engagement : A Multi-Sample Study" 25 : 293-315, 2004

64 Mobley, W. H., "Intermediate Linkages in the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover" 62 (62): 237-240, 1977

65 Simpson, J., "In What Ways Does Coaching Contribute to Effective Leadership Development" 4 (4): 114-133, 2010

66 Hunt, J. M., "How Coaching Can Enhance Your Brand as a Manager" 21 (21): 39-44, 2002

67 Cooper, R. K., "Executive EQ: Emotional Intelligent in Leadership and Organization" Grosset/Putnam 1997

68 Joo, B. K. B., "Executive Coaching: A Conceptual Framework from an Integrative Review of Practice and Research" 4 (4): 462-488, 2005

69 Olivero, G., "Executive Coaching as a Transfer of Training Tool : Effects on Productivity in a Public Agency" 26 (26): 461-469, 1997

70 Thach, L, "Executive Coaching Defined" 53 (53): 34-40, 1999

71 Kampa-Kokesch, S., "Executive Coaching : A Comprehensive Review of the Literature" 53 (53): 205-228, 2001

72 Grant, A. M., "Enhancing Coaching Skills and Emotional Intelligence Through Training" 39 (39): 257-266, 2007

73 Srivastava, A., "Empowering Leadership in Management Teams : Effects on Knowledge Sharing, Efficacy, and Performance" 49 (49): 1239-1251, 2006

74 Goleman, D. P., "Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ for Character, Health and Lifelong Achievement" Bantam Books 1995

75 Nikolaou, I., "Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace : Exploring Its Effects on Occupational Stress and Organizational Commitment" 10 (10): 327-342, 2002

76 Dulewicz, V, "Emotional Intelligence : Can It Be Measured Reliably and Validly Using Competency Data?" 61 (61): 1-15, 1998

77 Bakker, A., "Dual Processes at Work in a Call centre : An Application of the Job Demands–Resources Model" 12 (12): 393-417, 2003

78 Wallis, G., "Does a Blended Programme of Development and Coaching Produce Sustainable Change" 4 : 105-113, 2010

79 Mclean, G. N., "Development and Initial Validation of an Instrument Measure Development an Coaching Skill" 16 (16): 157-161, 2005

80 Beattie, R. S., "Development Managers: Line Managers as Facilitators of Work Place Learning an Voluntary Organizations" University of Glasgow 2002

81 Salami, S. O., "Conflict Resolution Strategies and Organizational Citizenship Behavior : The Moderating Role of Trait Emotional Intelligence" 38 (38): 75-86, 2010

82 Blau, G. J., "Conceptualizing How Job Involvement and Organizational Commitment Affect Turnover and Absenteeism" 12 (12): 288-300, 1987

83 Allen, N. J., "Commitment to Organizations and Occupations : Extension and Test of a Three-Component Conceptualization" 78 (78): 538-551, 1993

84 Meyer, J. P., "Commitment in the Workplace" Sage Publications 1997

85 Medland, J., "Coaching as a Successful Strategy for Advancing New Manager Competency and Performance" 25 (25): 141-147, 2009

86 Evered, R. D., "Coaching and the Art of Management" 18 (18): 16-32, 1989

87 Gilley, A., "Characteristics of Leadership Effectiveness : Implementing Change and Driving Innovation in Organizations" 19 (19): 153-169, 2008

88 Smither, J. W., "Can Working with an Executive Coach Improve Multisource Feedback Ratings Over Time? A Quasi‐Experimental Field Study" 56 (56): 23-44, 2003

89 Druskat, V. U, "Building the Emotional Intelligence of Groups" 79 (79): 81-90, 2001

90 Kirkman, B. L, "Beyond Self-management : Antecedents and Consequences of Team Empowerment" 42 (42): 58-74, 1999

91 Kim, S., "Assessing the Influence of Managerial Coaching on Employee Outcomes" 25 (25): 59-85, 2014

92 Cammann, C., "Assessing Organizational Change" John Wiley and Sons 71-138, 1983

93 Cohen, J., "Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavior Science" Erlbaum 1983

94 Brayfield, A. H, "An Index of Job Satisfaction" 35 (35): 307-311, 1951

95 Meyer, J. P., "Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization : A Meta-analysis of Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences" 61 (61): 20-52, 2002

96 Bacon, T. R., "Adaptive Coaching: The Art and Practice of a Centered Approach to Performance Improvement" Davis-Black 2003

97 Mathieu, J. E., "A Review and Meta-analysis of the Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences of Organizational Commitment" 108 : 171-194, 1990