4세기 후반 가야-백제-왜 동맹의 결성 - 칠지도와 관련하여 - = Formation of Gaya-Baekje-Wae Alliance in the Late 4th Century - With Regard to Chiljido(Seven-pronged Sword) -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the first part of chapter 1, I examined the fight of Goguryo and Baekje to occupy areas from the opposite sides of former territories of Nakrang and Daebang described in Samguksagi(『三國史記』) and Jinseo(『晋書』). In this paper, I noticed King Geunchogo’s title called ‘Leader of Nakrang area’(領樂浪太守), which has not been discussed but has always been in doubt Baekje, which won the former territory fight of Daebang in 369, had another victory for the former territory fight of Nakrang in 371 and had occupied this area for some period as well. In this regard, I examined the possibility that Baekje had played a role of Daebang and Nakrang before being expelled from the Korean Peninsula.
In the second part of Chapter 1, I found that Beakje’s victory against Goguryo in this former territory fight resulted from its successful diplomatic negotiations with other countries. Especially, amicable relations with Gaya were found in King Seong’s remoirs: “At the rule of my ancestor kings Sokgo and Guisu, we dispatched our diplomats to Anra, Gara, and Taksun for the first time, communicated and cultivated friendship each other. We hoped to make perpetual prosperity through fellowship.” I took note the listed order to mention Anra, Gara and Taksun. Accordingly, I postulated that Baekje might make relationship with Gara on the listed order. Baekje established the friendly relation with Taksun before July 364. Therefore, Baekje set up the amicable relations in the order of Anra, Gara, and Taksun.
In Chapter 2, I gave a general description to the existing history of the inscription of Seven-pronged Sword and linked the relations between Baekje and Wae to the literary historical materials such as NihonShoki(『日本書紀』). I tried to examine the reason that King Geunchogo of Baekje sent the Seven-pronged Sword to Wae in 372. At that year, Baekje had officially secured the dominion over ‘Nakrang’ and hoped to revive the role of Nakrang and Daebang before being expelled by Goguryo. Through its advanced cultures such as Seven-pronged Sword, Baekje tried to bring Wae to its side. On the other hand, Baekje might try to engage Wae by means of Seven-pronged Sword to conclude the diplomatic negotiation for checking the expansion of Goguryo. Finally Baekje succeeded in the relationship with Wae and besieging Goguryo in a semicircle.
In Chapter 3, I examined the Gaya-Baekje-Wae Alliance made before 372 more concretely by comparison of literary historical materials and the inscription of Seven-pronged Sword. Baekeje’s ‘Conquer of Seven Gayas’ was only a process to promote mutual amity between Baekje and Gaya, and the phrse of Nihonshoki “Baekje is the west subordinate state of Wae” was not true in light of the inscription of Seven-pronged Sword, but Baekje took active measures to take Wae to its side. The Gaya-Baekje-Wae Alliance in the late 4th century had been collapsed with face of the ‘Southward Conquer’ of Goguryo. I note that Gaya withdrew the alliance and triggered the reorganization of social and political situations in the Korean Peninsula from the early 5th century.

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