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Algicidal activity of thiazolidinedione derivatives against harmful algal blooming species.
Kim, Yeon-Mi,Wu, Ying,Duong, Thi Uyen,Jung, Seul-Gi,Kim, Si Wouk,Cho, Hoon,Jin, Eonseon Springer-Verlag New York Inc 2012 Marine biotechnology Vol.14 No.3
<P>Thiazolidinedione (TD) derivatives exhibit algicidal activity against harmful algal blooming species such as Chattonella marina, Heterosigma akashiwo, and Cochlodinium polykrikoides, as reported previously. In this study, the efficacies and selectivities of TD derivatives were tested by analyzing the structure-activity relationships of various TD derivatives. To investigate structure-activity relationships for growth inhibition of harmful algae, we added a methylene group between the cyclohexyl ring and oxygen of 5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-TD, which decreased the inhibitory potency of compound 17. Interestingly, another addition of a methylene group significantly increased the inhibitory potency against C. polykrikoides. The addition of 1??관M compound 17 resulted in the cell rupture of harmful algae after less than 10??h incubation at 20 °C. Compound 17 was applied to both harmful and non-harmful algae and showed a drastic reduction in the efficiency of photosystem II, resulting in reduced photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Compound 17 at a 5??관M concentration destroyed all of the harmful algae, while algicidal activity against non-harmful algae did not exceed 30% of the control within the concentration range tested. In contrast, a herbicide, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, tested at a 5??관M concentration, exhibited 40-70% algicidal activity relative to that of the control against both harmful and non-harmful algae. Compound 17 is a promising lead compound for the development of algicides to control harmful algal blooming species.</P>
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Edible seaweed, Eisenia bicyclis, protects retinal ganglion cells death caused by oxidative stress.
Kim, Kyung-A,Kim, Sang Min,Kang, Suk Woo,Jeon, Sang Il,Um, Byung Hun,Jung, Sang Hoon Springer-Verlag New York Inc 2012 Marine biotechnology Vol.14 No.4
<P>The purpose of the present study was to determine whether edible seaweed, Eisenia bicyclis, is effective in blunting the negative influence of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) on rat retinas and of oxidative stress-induced transformed retinal ganglion cell (RGC-5 cell line) death. The ethanol extract of E. bicyclis (EEEB) significantly attenuated the negative insult of L: -buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine plus glutamate on RGC-5 cells. Treatment of the RGC-5 cells with EEEB reduced the reactive oxygen species and recovered the reduced glutathione level caused by various radical species such as H(2)O(2), OH, or O(2)(-). Moreover, EEEB inhibited lipid peroxidation on rat brain homogenates caused by sodium nitroprusside. Applying NMDA to the retina affected the thickness of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) produced a positive effect on ganglion cells. Importantly, EEEB protected the thinning of IPL and increased TUNEL positive cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Five phlorotannin derivatives were isolated using chromatographic methods and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis which has been known as an antioxidant. In conclusion, EEEB has a neuroprotective effect in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the major constituents of this extract, phlorotannins, could possibly be active compounds due to their antioxidative potency.</P>
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Ohtani, Maki,Hikima, Jun-ichi,Jung, Tae Sung,Kondo, Hidehiro,Hirono, Ikuo,Aoki, Takashi Springer-Verlag New York Inc 2013 Marine biotechnology Vol.15 No.1
<P>To develop a multi-antigen-specific immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (IgNAR) variable (V) region phage display library, CDR3 in the V region of IgNAR from banded houndshark (Triakis scyllium) was artificially randomized, and clones specific for hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) were obtained by the biopanning method. The nucleotide sequence of CDR3 in the V region was randomly rearranged by PCR. Randomized CDR3-containing segments of the V region were ligated into T7 phage vector to construct a phage display library and resulted in a phage titer of 3.7??10(7) PFU/ml. Forty clones that contained randomized CDR3 inserts were sequenced and shown to have different nucleotide sequences. The HEL-specific clones were screened by biopanning using HEL-coated ELISA plates. After six rounds of screening, nine clones were identified as HEL-specific, eight of which showed a strong affinity to HEL in ELISA compared to a negative control (i.e., empty phage clone). The deduced amino acid sequences of CDR3 from the HEL-specific phage clones fell into four types (I-IV): type I contains a single cysteine residue and type II-IV contain two cysteine residues. These results indicated that the artificially randomized IgNAR library is useful for the rapid isolation of antigen-specific IgNAR V region without immunization of target antigen and showed that it is possible to isolate an antigen-specific IgNAR V region from this library.</P>
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Park, Hong-Sil,Jeong, Won-Joong,Kim, EuiCheol,Jung, Youngja,Lim, Jong Min,Hwang, Mi Sook,Park, Eun-Jeong,Ha, Dong-Soo,Choi, Dong-Woog Springer-Verlag New York Inc 2012 Marine biotechnology Vol.14 No.3
<P>Heat shock proteins and molecular chaperones are key components contributing to survival in the abiotic stress response. Porphyra seriata grows on intertidal rocks exposed to dynamic environmental changes associated with the turning tides, including desiccation and heat stress. Analysis of the ESTs of P. seriata allows us to identify the nine HSP cDNAs, which are predicted to be PsHSP90, three PsHSP70, PsHSP40 and PsHSP20, and three 5'-truncated HSP cDNAs. RT-PCR results show that most of the PsHSP transcripts were detected under normal cell growth conditions as well as heat stress, with the exception of two cDNAs. In particular, PsHSP70b and PsHSP20 transcripts were upregulated by heat stress. When the putative mitochondrial PsHSP70b was introduced and overexpressed in Chlamydomonas, transformed Chlamydomonas evidenced higher rates of survival and growth than those of the wild type under heat stress conditions. Constitutive overexpression of the PsHSP70b gene increases the transcription of the HSF1 as well as the CrHSP20 and CrHSP70 gene. These results indicate that PsHSP70b is involved in tolerance to heat stress and the effects on transcription of the CrHSP20 and CrHSP70 genes.</P>
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