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Wu, S. Q.,Yu, X. K.,Lian, M. L.,Park, S. Y.,Piao, X. C. POLISH ACADEMY SCIENCES WARSAW 2014 Acta physiologiae plantarum Vol.36 No.4
Hypericum perforatum L. is a traditional medicinal plant for the treatment of depression and wound healing, and hypericin is one of the main effective active substances. To optimize the culture system for producing hypericin in adventitious root, this study used balloon-type airlift bioreactors to investigate the effect of air volume, inoculation density, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentration and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) concentration on hypericin content and productivity during adventitious root culture. Hypericin content and productivity were improved with increasing air volume, and 0.1 vvm (air volume/culture volume/min) was optimal for hypericin production. Inoculation density also had a great effect on hypericin accumulation. Hypericin content and productivity were favorable in an inoculation density of 5.0 g l(-1) and decreased when inoculation densities were lower or higher than 5.0 g l(-1). Furthermore, 1.25 mg l(-1) IBA enhanced hypericin content and productivity, but too low (a parts per thousand currency sign0.50 mg l(-1)) or too high (a parts per thousand yen1.50 mg l(-1)) IBA concentrations decreased hypericin accumulation. MeJA concentration significantly affected biomass accumulation and hypericin production. The biomass decreased and hypericin production increased with increasing MeJA concentration. Optimum hypericin content (1.61 mg g(-1) DW) and productivity (15.57 mg l(-1)) were obtained at 350 mu M MeJA. The hypericin content in bioreactor-grown adventitious roots was lower than in 3-year field-grown plants, but significantly higher than that in in vitro-grown plantlets and 1-year field-grown plants. Thus, the bioreactor culture of adventitious roots can realize rapid and mass production of hypericin in H. perforatum.
Micropropagation of Cymbidium sinense using continuous and temporary airlift bioreactor systems
Gao, R.,Wu, S. Q.,Piao, X. C.,Park, S. Y.,Lian, M. L. POLISH ACADEMY SCIENCES WARSAW 2014 Acta physiologiae plantarum Vol.36 No.1
Airlift bioreactors were programmed for continuous and temporary immersion culture to investigate factors that affect the rhizome proliferation, shoot formation, and plantlet regeneration of Cymbidium sinense. During rhizome proliferation, the continuous immersion bioreactor system was used to explore the effects of activated charcoal (AC) in the culture medium, inoculation density, and air volume on rhizome differentiation and growth. The optimum conditions for obtaining massive health rhizomes were 0.3 g l(-1) AC in the culture medium, 7.5 g l(-1) inoculation density, and 150 ml min(-1) air. In addition, the temporary immersion bioreactor system was used for both shoot formation and plantlet regeneration. Supplementing 4 mg l(-1) 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.2 mg l(-1) naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) to the culture medium promoted shoot induction from the rhizome. Cutting the rhizome explants into 1 cm segments was better for massive shoot formation than cutting into 0.25 and 0.5 cm explant segments. NAA promoted plantlet regeneration and the rooting rate (94.7 %), with whole plantlets growing well in culture medium containing 1.0 mg l(-1) NAA. Therefore, applying bioreactors in C. sinense micropropagation is an efficient way for scaling up the production of propagules and whole plantlets for the industrial production of high-quality seedlings.
RsERF1 derived from wild radish (Raphanus sativus) confers salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis
Ayarpadikannan, S.,Chung, E.,Kim, K.,So, H. A.,Schraufnagle, K. R.,Lee, J. H. POLISH ACADEMY SCIENCES WARSAW 2014 ACTA PHYSIOLOGIAE PLANTARUM Vol.36 No.4
The change in environmental parameters affects normal growth of plants, eventually reduces agricultural production. Ethylene plays vital roles in plant stress responses, germination, fruit ripening, organ abscission, pathogen response, and senescence. Expression of an ethylene-responsive transcription factor (ERF) was induced in Korean halophyte, Raphanus sativus var. hortensis f. raphanistroides (wild radish) by 200-mM sodium chloride (NaCl). Raphanus sativus ethylene-responsive transcription factor 1 (RsERF1) is also localized to nucleus, similar to other transcription factors. In yeast, RsERF1 showed transcriptional activation property, by expressing the reporter gene. Being a TF, RsERF1 specifically bound to the cis-acting elements, GCC box and DRE/CRT in vitro, to initiate transcription. Homozygous T3 transgenic Arabidopsis, overexpressing RsERF1, showed significant tolerance against salt stress in soil-grown conditions. The tolerance was also marked by an increased germination rate of RsERF1 transgenics in salt-containing media. In RsERF1 overexpression lines, abiotic stress-related genes such as ABF3, ABF4, ADH, Rab18, and SUS1 were upregulated by 200-mM NaCl. ERFs have been studied and proven for their tolerance potential against various abiotic stresses, but RsERF1 belongs to an ERF subgroup called ethylene-responsive transcription factor related to AP2 (ERF-RAP2). Thus, this is a first report for ERF-RAP2 from Korean halophyte cDNA library. We believe that extensive posttranslational modification studies will reveal the role and location of RsERF1 in stress tolerance pathway.
Oh, J. M.,Kim, H. S.,Bae, H. J.,Ahn, S. J. POLISH ACADEMY SCIENCES WARSAW 2014 ACTA PHYSIOLOGIAE PLANTARUM Vol.36 No.1
Cold stress is one of the major environmental factors limiting the amount of plant mass for bioenergy production. A chilling-sensitive Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) as a bioenergy crop was used to investigate the cold injury process at the physiological and biochemical levels. Various physiological parameters such as leaf length, width, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and electrolyte leakage were measured to determine the growth rate of leaves cold-treated (7 and 2 A degrees C) for 5 days. These parameters of cold-treated Jatropha were significantly reduced from day 1 compared with control (23 A degrees C). Using the pH indicator bromocresol purple, it was shown that surface pH of Jatropha root in control was strongly acidified by time only from the starting pH 6, while H+-efflux of the surface of cold-treated roots did not change. H+-ATPase activity of plasma membrane (PM) isolated from leaves and roots of cold-treated Jatropha was decreased in a time-dependent manner. The expression of PM H+-ATPase and 14-3-3 protein, which participates in phosphorylation of PM H+-ATPase was reduced in the presence of cold stress. Interestingly, fusicoccin, an activator of the PM H+-ATPase, alleviated cold-injury by stimulating the enzyme in leaves. These results may suggest that the activity and expression of PM H+-ATPase in Jatropha is closely related to the overcoming of cold stress.