Swimming exercise ameliorates multiple sclerosis-induced impairment of short-term memory by suppressing apoptosis in the hippocampus of rats

Jin, Jun-Jang,Ko, Il-Gyu,Kim, Sung-Eun,Shin, Mal-Soon,Kim, Sang-Hoon,Jee, Yong-Seok Korean Society of Exercise Rehabilitation 2014 JER Vol.10 No.2

<P>Multiple sclerosis is one of the autoimmune diseases in the central nervous system. Multiple sclerosis occurs through multiple mechanisms, and it is also mediated in part by an apoptotic mechanism. Swimming exercise has been recommended for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. In the present study, we investigated the effects of swimming exercise on short-term memory in relation with apoptotic neuronal cell death in the hippocampus following induction of multiple sclerosis. For this study, step-down avoidance task, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 were performed. The animal model of multiple sclerosis was made by bilateral intracerebral ventricle injection of ethidium bromide. The rats in the swimming exercise groups were forced to swim for 30 min once daily for 14 consecutive days, starting 3 days after induction of multiple sclerosis. In the present results, short-term memory was deteriorated in the multiple sclerosis-induced rats. The number of TUNEL-positive and caspase-3-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was increased in the multiple sclerosis-induced rats. Swimming exercise alleviated multiple sclerosis-induced short-term memory impairment by suppressing apoptotic neuronal cell death in the hippocampus. These effects of swimming exercise may aid symptom relief in the incurable neurodegenerative diseases.</P>

A study on the social behavior and social isolation of the elderly Korea

Yi, Eun-Surk,Hwang, Hee-Joung Korean Society of Exercise Rehabilitation 2015 JER Vol.11 No.3

<P>This study aimed at presenting what factors are to predict the social isolation of the elderly as an element to prevent the problem of why various matters related to old people are inevitably taking place by carefully examining the meaning of social isolation and the conditions of social isolation that the South Korean senior citizens go through after working on previous studies. This section discusses the results obtained through document analysis. First, the aspects of the elderly’s social isolation arising from the changes of the South Korean society are changes of family relationship, the social structure, the economic structure and the culture. Second, the social isolation and social activity of the elderly are problems (suicide, criminals, dementia, depression and medical costs) of the elderly, change trend of the elderly issues related to social isolation and prediction factors that personal and regional. Lastly, as a role and challenges of the field of rehabilitation exercise aimed at resolving social isolation should be vitalized such as the development and provision of various relationship-building programs.</P>

Simulated altitude exercise training damages small intestinal mucosa barrier in the rats

Li, Meng,Han, Tianyu,Zhang, Weijia,Li, Wei,Hu, Yang,Lee, Sang Ki Korean Society of Exercise Rehabilitation 2018 JER Vol.14 No.3

<P>This study investigated the effect of simulated altitude training on the changes of small intestinal mucosa barrier, bacterial overgrowth and inflammatory response in the small intestine of rat. Male 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal oxygen sedentary group (n=30), normal oxygen exercise group (n=30), low oxygen sedentary group (n=30) and low oxygen exercise group (n=30). Exercise training was on a treadmill for 1 hr per day on days 3, 6, and 9 in the hypoxia condition. Hematological profiles, hematolxylin and eosin staining, fluorescence <I>in situ</I> hybridization, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to analyze the effect of simulated altitude training on the amount of bacteria, and expression of mRNA and protein. Simulated exercise training significantly increased red blood cells and hematocrit. The small intestinal mucosa barrier was significantly injured by the simulated altitude exercise training. Comparatively more bacterial growth was evident in the small intestine by the simulated altitude exercise training. mRNA levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were significantly elevated by simulated altitude exercise training. These results suggest that the simulated altitude exercise training may impair the small intestinal mucosa barrier via elevation of bacterial growth and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and the up-regulation of NF-κB in the rats.</P>

The effect of push factors in the leisure sports participation of the retired elderly on re-socialization recovery resilience

Lee, Kwang-Uk,Kim, Hong-Rok,Yi, Eun-Surk Korean Society of Exercise Rehabilitation 2014 JER Vol.10 No.2

<P>This study aimed to provide useful materials for the realization of healthy and happy welfare society through the re-socialization of the retired elderly by identifying the effect of the push factors in the leisure sports participation of the retired elderly on re-socialization and recovery resilience. To achieve the study purpose, 304 subjects over the age of 55 residing in Seoul and Gyeonggin among the retired elderly were selected by using the method of systematic stratified cluster random sampling. As research methods, questionnaire papers were used. The data were collected and data which were judged to be incomplete or unreliable in responses were excluded from the analysis. After inputting data which are available to analysis and SPSS 18.0 program was used for statistical techniques. In this, data were processed by factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The study results that were obtained from this analysis are as follows: First, the psychological stability among the push factors in the leisure sports participation of the elderly had a significant effect on re-socialization, while health pursuit had a significant effect on personal exchange and economic activity among the sub-factors of re-socialization. Second, psychological stability among the push factors in the leisure sports participation of the retired elderly had a significant effect on recovery resilience; personal relationships had an effect on empathy skills, impulse control, and self-efficacy; and health pursuit had a significant effect on impulse control, optimism, and self-efficacy.</P>

Effects of weighted baseball throwing during warm-up on ball velocity and upper extremity muscle activation in baseball pitchers

Shin, Yun-A,Choi, Won-Ho Korean Society of Exercise Rehabilitation 2018 JER Vol.14 No.3

<P>The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in the muscle activation of high school and college baseball pitchers during throwing of the ball with maximum effort (TBME) using a regular baseball (RB) subsequent to using a light baseball (LB), RB, and overweight baseball (OB) during warm-up (WU) and the resulting changes in the pitch velocity. The study aimed to use the findings in providing basic data for a training program designed to increase the pitch velocity of baseball pitchers. The study population consisted of 12 high school and college baseball players. The study measured and analyzed the upper extremity muscle activation and ball velocity in the stride, arm cocking, and acceleration phases during TBME using an RB subsequent to using an LB, RB, and OB during WU. During WU, the ball velocity was higher when pitching with an LB than with an RB or OB and when pitching with an RB than with an OB. However, there were no significant differences in the ball velocity when pitching with an RB during TBME. In conclusion, WU using weighted baseballs resulted in varying muscle activations, and although the velocity decreased when pitching with an OB, no difference was found during TBME using an RB. Therefore, it is believed that using weighted baseballs during WU does not have an effect on the ball velocity during TBME; future studies are needed on the effects through long-term training.</P>