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Kim, Jong Wook,Bae, Young Dae,Ahn, Sun Tae,Kim, Jin Wook,Kim, Je Jong,Moon, Du Geon Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology 2018 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.36 No.1
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>In epidemiological studies, there are various associations of androgen receptor (AR) CAG with several diseases or phenotypes. However, the relationship between CAG repeat length and metabolic syndrome (MS) remains unclear, especially in Asian populations. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between AR CAG repeat length polymorphism and MS in a Korean male population.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>We explored the relationship between AR CAG repeat length polymorphism and MS in a Korean male population (n=337) from 2013 to 2014. AR CAG repeat were determined by microsatellite fragment sizing. Components of MS and laboratory data (lipid profile, fasting glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)) were analyzed with AR CAG repeat length.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The mean AR CAG repeat length was 22.3±4.7. Sixty-nine men (20.5%) were diagnosed with MS. Men with MS showed significantly longer AR CAG repeat lengths compared with men without MS (26.2 <I>vs</I>. 21.4, p<0.001). With increasing CAG repeat, the number of components meeting the NCEP criteria increased significantly. AR CAG repeat length was associated significantly with high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, and HbA1c levels. In the multivariate analysis, CAG repeat length, waist circumference, and levels of HDL were independently associated with MS. (odds ratio (OR)=1.37, 1.19 and 0.90, p<0.001, 0.045, and 0.001, respectively).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>AR CAG repeat length was associated with MS and laboratory test results, such as those for HDL, triglycerides, and HbA1c, in Korean males. Longer CAG repeat length was identified as a risk factor for MS in Korean males.</P>
Kim, Su Jin,Jeon, Seung Hwan,Kwon, Eun Bi,Jeong, Hyun Cheol,Choi, Sae Woong,Bae, Woong Jin,Cho, Hyuk Jin,Ha, U-Syn,Hong, Sung Hoo,Lee, Ji Youl,Hwang, Sung Yeoun,Kim, Sae Woong Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology 2017 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.35 No.3
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Many patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia need treatment for remaining storage symptoms after surgery. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of the phytotherapeutic agent WSY-1075 on persistent detrusor overactivity (DO) after the relief of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>Rats were assigned to 3 groups: control (n=6), persistent DO (n=6), and persistent DO treated with the phytotherapeutic agent WSY-1075 (n=6). Persistent DO after relief of partial BOO was generated in the rat model, and 6 of the rats with this condition were orally administered WSY-1075. After 4 weeks of administration, cystometry was performed. Additionally, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and superoxide dismutase were measured to evaluate oxidative stress in the bladder. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α, were analyzed, as were the M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors of the bladder.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Significantly increased contraction pressure and a decreased contraction interval were observed in the persistent DO group after relief of BOO. Moreover, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and M3 muscarinic receptors were significantly increased. After treatment with WSY-1075, significantly reduced DO was observed by cystometry in comparison with the persistent DO group. Additionally, significantly decreased levels of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and M3 muscarinic receptors in the bladder were observed after treatment with WSY-1075.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Treatment with WSY-1075 improved persistent DO after the relief of BOO mediated by antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Further studies are necessary to identify the exact mechanism of the treatment effect of WSY-1075.</P>
Therapeutic Angiogenesis as a Potential Future Treatment Strategy for Erectile Dysfunction
Ryu, Ji-Kan,Suh, Jun-Kyu Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology 2012 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.30 No.2
<P>The cavernous endothelium plays a crucial role in regulating the tone of the underlying smooth muscle and physiologic penile erection. Recently, the link between erectile dysfunction (ED) and cardiovascular disease was unveiled, and the main etiology of ED was found to be vasculogenic. Although oral phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are generally effective for men with ED, such therapies do not cure underlying vasculopathy in the corpus cavernosum tissue. This review addresses current preclinical protein, gene, and cell or stem cell therapies for enhancing cavernous endothelial regeneration and restoring erectile function.</P>
Prostate Cancer and Sexual Function
Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology 2012 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.30 No.2
<P>Prostate cancer is now ranked fifth in incidence among cancers in Korean adult males. This is attributable to the more Westernized dietary style which increases the morbidity of prostate cancer and the development of cancer diagnostic technologies, such as prostate-specific antigen and advanced medical systems, increasing the rate of prostate cancer diagnosis. Prostate cancer effects include not only erectile dysfunction caused by the disease itself, but also by psychiatric disorders caused by prostate cancer or its treatments. Prostate cancer by itself reduces sexual desire and the frequency of sexual intercourse. Additionally, surgery or hormonal therapy to block testosterone further increases the frequency of erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction following radical prostatectomy is primarily attributable to nerve injury caused by intraoperative nerve traction, thermal injury, ischemic injury, and local inflammatory reactions. Additionally, the absence of nocturnal penile tumescence causes persistent hypoxia of the corpus cavernosum, which, secondarily, causes anatomical and functional changes in the corpus cavernosum. Preservation of erectile function is one of the most significant issues for patients with local prostate cancer. Erectile dysfunction following radical prostatectomy is known to have various prognoses, depending on preservation of the neurovascular bundle, patient age, and preoperative erectile status. Intracavernosal injections, PDE5 inhibitors, and penile rehabilitation therapy using a vacuum constriction device after radical prostatectomy are known to improve the recovery of erectile function. Recently, testosterone replacement therapy has also drawn attention as a treatment method.</P>
Kang, Dong Hyuk,Yin, Guo Nan,Choi, Min-Ji,Song, Kang-Moon,Ghatak, Kalyan,Minh, Nguyen Nhat,Kwon, Mi-Hye,Seong, Do-Hwan,Ryu, Ji-Kan,Suh, Jun-Kyu Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology 2018 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.36 No.2
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Epigenetic modifications, such as histone acetylation/deacetylation and DNA methylation, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders and fibrotic diseases. The aim of this study was to study the differential gene expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in fibroblasts isolated from plaque tissue of Peyronie's disease (PD) or normal tunica albuginea (TA) and to examine the anti-fibrotic effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of HDAC7 in fibroblasts derived from human PD plaque.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>For differential gene expression study, we performed reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for HDAC isoforms (1–11) in fibroblasts isolated from PD plaque or normal TA. Fibroblasts isolated from PD plaque were pretreated with HDAC7 siRNA (100 pmol) and then stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1, 10 ng/mL). Protein was extracted from treated fibroblasts for Western blotting. We also performed immunocytochemistry to detect the expression of extracellular matrix proteins and to examine the effect of HDAC2 siRNA on the TGF-β1-induced nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 and myofibroblastic differentiation.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The mRNA expression of HDAC2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, and 11 was higher in fibroblasts isolated from PD plaque than in fibroblasts isolated from normal TA tissue. Knockdown of HDAC7 in PD fibroblasts inhibited TGF-β1-induced nuclear shuttle of Smad2 and Smad3, transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and abrogated TGF-β1-induced production of extracellular matrix protein.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>These findings suggest that specific inhibition of HDAC7 with RNA interference may represent a promising epigenetic therapy for PD.</P>
Kang, Minyong,Byun, Seok-Soo,Lee, Sang Eun,Hong, Sung Kyu Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology 2018 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.36 No.1
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of 7 circulating adipokines according to body mass index (BMI) in Korean men with localized prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP).</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>Sixty-two of 65 prospectively enrolled patients with clinically localized PCa who underwent RP between 2015 and 2016 were evaluated. Patients were classified into 2 groups according to their BMI: non-obese (<25 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>) and obese (≥25 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>). The adipokines evaluated were interleukin-2, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), chemerin, C-X-C motif chemokine 10, adiponectin, leptin, and resistin. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors of advanced tumor stage.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>We found that obese patients with PCa who underwent RP had a higher incidence of tumors with a high Gleason score (≥8), pathological T3 (pT3) stage, and positive extraprostatic extension than patients with a normal BMI. Additionally, patients with obesity showed significantly lower serum adiponectin and higher serum leptin levels, but did not show differences in other adipokines. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that IGF-1 (odds ratio [OR]=1.03) was identified as a predictor of advanced tumor stage (≥pT3) in the overall population. However, only leptin remained an independent predictive factor for advanced tumor stage (≥pT3) (OR=1.15) in patients with obesity.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>In conclusion, our results indicate that a higher leptin level in obese men can be considered a risk factor for aggressive PCa. This prospective study provides greater insight into the role of circulating adipokines in Korean patients with PCa undergoing RP, particularly in patients with obesity.</P>
Torsion of an Indirect Hernia Sac Causing Acute Scrotal Swelling in a Child
Nam, Jong Kil,Ahn, Jae Hyun,Kim, Hyeon Woo,Park, Hyun Jun,Lee, Sang Don,Chung, Moon Kee Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology 2012 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.30 No.2
<P>Torsion of a hernia sac is an extremely rare condition that presents as acute scrotum in children. We report a case of a 6-year-old boy who presented with an acute scrotum and was found during surgical exploration to have torsion of an indirect hernia sac associated with hydrocele. Upon scrotal exploration, deterioration of the scrotum due to inflammatory changes was found. A necrotic cyst was recognized within a communicating hydrocele of the scrotum and was twisted at an angle of about 360°. All urologists should be aware of this special condition in the differential diagnosis of acute scrotum.</P>