Reconnaissance Study for the Impact Evaluation of Acid Pollution at Miomotegawa River

Yang, Hyung-Jae,Park, Jung-Min Korean Society for Environmental Sanitary Engineer 2008 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This study was implemented to investigate the anion and cation concentrations of Miomotegawa river since it is one of the most important salmon rivers in Japan. A great number of salmons have returned to the river, and it was expected to contain relatively lower cation concentrations since granite is widely distributed in the river catchment area. The anion and cation concentrations of station 1 except $NH_4{^+}$ were higher than those of other stations. The concentrations of $Na^+,\;K^+,\;Mg^{2+},\;Ca^{2+}$, and $Cl^-$ at station 2 were 8.61, 1.06, 1.84, 4.47, and 14.5mg/l, respectively. In the case of $NH_4{^+},\;NO_3{^-}$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$, they were 0.04, 2.99 and 5.31mg/l, respectively at station 2 of down stream. However, at station 5 of upstream, they were 0.01, 1.37 and 4.08mg/l, respectively, which were relatively lower than that of downstream.

A Study on Physicochemical Characteristics of Achyranthis Radix Extract

Choi, Hyun-Suk,Na, Myung-Sun,Lee, Myung-Yul Korean Society for Environmental Sanitary Engineer 2008 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Using the ethanol extract, Achyranthis Radix, various chemical characteristics were investigated. The nutritional compositions of the Achyranthis Radix extract were as follows;moisture 42.3%, crude protein 101.1%, crude fat 2.07%, ash 8.94%, and carbohydrate 36.5%. Among the free sugars, the maximum lactose concentration in the Achyranthis Radix extract was obtained at 0.0526 mg% and fructose, maltose, arabinose, and glucose were followed: 0.3654 mg%, 0.1160 mg%, 0.0365 mg% and 0.027 mg%, respectively. The total amino acid concentration of the Achyranthis Radix extract was 8908.3 mg% and concentrations of lysine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and arginine were 989.1 mg%, 954.4 mg%, 841.4 mg% and 763.2 mg%, respectively. Among various long chain fatty acids, the maximum concentrations of palmitic acid and linoleic acid were obtained at 47.8% and 31.058%, respectively. However, in the case of organic acid, only the oxalic acid and malic acid were determined. The potassium concentration in the Achyranthis Radix extract was relatively high and the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, Mn, and Zn were as follows: 275.3 mg%, 281.3 mg%, 119.4 mg%, 37.75 mg%, 10.43 mg% and 3.11 mg%, respectively. These results suggest that the Achyranthis Radix extract might have a possible positive effect for medical and edible purposes.

A Feasibility Study on the Han River Area as the Construction Site for the Kyung Bu Canal

Chung, Tae-Woong,Son, Bu-Soon,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Kim, Jong-Oh Korean Society for Environmental Sanitary Engineer 2000 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.15 No.3

To facilitate the carriage of goods and products, an improvement of the transportation system is greatly needed in Korea. The construction of the Kyung Bu canal that can traverse over the wide area of southern Korea os proposed to be one of the most favorable choices to resolve this need. To fulfill this plan, we investigated the possibility of connecting the Han River (in the midwest) with the Nak-tong River (in the southeast) via the Cho-ryeong tunnel (20.5 km long and 125 m high). According to topographic and geological mapping analysis, we are capable of selecting the optimal locations for the tunnels and locking systems. The water requirement for high locking systems can be satisfied by constructing additional dams above the Choong-ju area or by introducing water saving lock system. The results of our investigation support the idea such a canal system, if constructed, could lead to a revolution of the Korea's transportation system.

Alkaline $\alpha$-amylase Production from Bacillus megaterium

Jia, Shiru,Lim, Chae-kyu,Seo, Gwang-Yeob,Nam, Hyung-Gun Korean Society for Environmental Sanitary Engineer 2009 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.13 No.1

The enzyme expressed from strain L-49 was 2.01 times higher than that of original strain. Strain L-49 can grow on culture plate with $50{\mu}g/mL$ ampicillin. The synthesis of $\alpha$-amylase was greatly suppressed when strain L-49 was grown on monosaccharide such as glucose and polysaccharide at the same time cell concentration was low. Amylase production was enhanced when the bacterium was grown on starch and dextrin. Among different nitrogen sources tried, yeast extract was found to be the best followed by panpeptone, peptone, meat extract, bean meal, and corn steep liquor. The average rate of enzyme production was enhanced for 3~4 times in fermentation time from 24h to 44h. The sugar uptake rate has also increased. Low oxygen supply rate enhanced the rate of strain propagation but depressed the enzyme production. Hence it is benefit to obtain high enzyme activity that agitation speed maintained not lower than 400r/min and aeration rate maintained greater than 1:1vvm.

The Occupant Perception and Investigation of Indoor Air Quality at Home in Seoul

Sohn, Jong-Ryeul,Kim, Young-Whan,Byeon, Sang-Hoon Korean Society for Environmental Sanitary Engineer 2003 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.18 No.1

최근 산업장 뿐만아니라 주택에서의 실내환경오염은 대단히 중요한 관심사이다. 특히 미국 EPA에서는 성인이 하루에 약 80 % 이상을 실내 공간에서 생활하고 있는 것으로 보고하고 있으며, 이러한 생환 방식의 변화에 인한 최근 도시화 지역에서의 실내 공기질(indoor air quality)의 문제가 새로운 환경 이슈로 부각되고 있고, 일본을 비롯한 구미 각 국에서도 21세기 환경문제 중 실내환경(indoor environment) 문제를 최우선으로 다루고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 주택에서의 실내공기질을 평가하기 위하여 설문지를 통하여 인식도를 조사하고 그를 토대로 6개의 다른 주거환경을 가진 주택을 대상으로 실내공기오염도를 측정하였다. 본 연구에서 평가한 측정항목은 온도, 습도, CO, $CO_2$, 호흡성분진, 포름알데히드, 총부유세균(TBC)이었으며, 주택의 지역 및 계절별로 나누어 측정하였는데, 측정결과 호흡성분진은 주택 5,6 에서 국내의 기준을 초과하였으며, 총부유세균은 흥콩과 싱가폴의 실내기준 권고치인 $500{\;}CFU/m^3$을 초과였고, HCHO는 모든 대상 주택에서 초과하였다. 또한 통계적으로 분석한 결과 주택의 건축년도와 CO, TBC가 0.01 수준에서 유의성 관계를 나타냈으며, 습도는0.05 수준에서 유의성을 나타냈다. 또한 주택의 거주자 500인을 대상으로 조사한 설문지 결과에서는 대부분 응답자가 실내공기오염에 대하여 인식하고있으며, 실내오염으로 인해 피로>두통>눈 아픔>기침 등을 호소하고 있으며, 실내공기정화장치가 필요하다고 응답하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 목적은 주택에서의 실내공기질을 평가하여 실내공기질의 중요성을 인식시키고, 그에 대한 구체적인 대책방안을 제시하여 관련 기준을 준비하는데 기초적인 자료를 마련하고 주민들이 쾌적한 삶을 유지하는데 기여하고자 한다. Indoor air quality(IAQ) in workplace and residential environments has been concern of people. Recently, Ministry of Environment in Korea has recognized the potential risk on the healthy effect related to indoor air pollution at home. Therefore, the purpose of this study was performed to measure the indoor air pollutants of IAQ at different homes and investigate to compare the perception of IAQ recognition at home from questionnaire survey in Seoul. We estimated the IAQ of selected 6 homes based on site region and housing type. The indoor air pollutants and parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, respirable suspended particulate matter($PM_{10}$), formaldehyde(HCHO), total bacteria counts, carbon monooxide(CO) and carbon dioxide($CO_2$) were monitored for summer and winter. In monitoring results, the respirable suspended particulate matter(($PM_{10}$) and indoor airborne bacteria level of home 5 and 6 were higher than the standard of the public $150{\;}{\mu}g/m^3$ and $500{\;}{\mu}g/m^3$, the level formaldehyde(HCHO) was exceed 0.1 ppm of the standard of Korea at all monitored homes. In statistics analysis, we could find a correlation between the building age and the concentration of CO, TBC were significant at 0.01 level and Relative Humidity was significant at 0.05 level for summer. Finally, the important air pollutants of IAQ in home were HCHO and total bacteria counts(TBC). And we performed a questionnaire survey of 500 people about their awareness for the importance of IAQ in our home during same period. In results, all most response of occupant has recognized the importance of IAQ at home. Therefore, it can be concluded that the IAQ of selected 6 home studied was perceived as acceptable, it is recommended that the government related IAQ was suggested the guideline and control of IAQ problems, and the occupants need to be effort to reduce the exposure of sources to undesirable pollutants.

Development of a Method to Quantify Lysine in Small Amount of Rice Grain

Kim, Joo-Shin,Kim, Kwang-Jin,Ma, Wing Chi Joyce,Chung, Hau-Yin Korean Society for Environmental Sanitary Engineer 2007 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.22 No.2

A lysine determination method for low quantity of rice was modified from the original Dye-Binding Lysine (DBL) method used in the national standard in China [GB 4801-84, 1984]. By making use of the property that lysine does not bind to the crocein orange G dye after treated with propionic anhydride, the amount of lysine in rice samples could be determined directly by calculating the difference between the absorbances of the treated and the untreated samples. Various commercial rice samples were purchased from market and evaluated. Several methods were tested by varying both the sizes of the samples and the concentrations of the dye solutions. Results showed that when using 1.284 mM of crocein orange G dye solution and 15.5 mg of sample, the results were most reproducible. The corresponding lysine content in sample were $3.36\;{\pm}\;0.09\;mg/g$ and $3.35\;{\pm}\;0.19\;mg/g$ by traditional method and modified method, respectively. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the results (p>0.05).

Annual Cycle of PCBs Concentration in the Atmosphere

Kang, Byung-Wook,Shin, Eun-Sang,Yeo, Hyun-Gu Korean Society for Environmental Sanitary Engineer 2007 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.22 No.2

PCBs의 대기 중 농도는 고용량 PUF sampler를 이용하여 2000년부터 2002년까지 주 1회 수도권 인근지역인 경기도 안성에서 측정하였다. 본 논문은 비선형 회귀모델을 이용하여 대기 중 가스상 PCBs의 연간, 월간 사이클을 평가 하고자 한다. Clausius-Clepeyron 식을 이용한 가스상 PCBs의 기울기는 고분자로 갈수록 증가하는 경향이었다. 이는 고분자 PCBs는 저분자 PCBs에 비해 온도 의존성이 크다는 것을 의미한다. 다시 말해, 고분자 PCBs는 다른 지역에서 장거리 이송되어 오는 오염물질의 영향 보다는 지역적인 오염원(예, 토양, 수계 등)에 의해 영향을 크게 받고 있다는 것을 시사한다. Lorentzian 모델을 이용한 총 PCBs의 일별, 월별 회귀식의 결정계수($R^2$)는 각각 0.62(p<0.0001), 0.88(p<0.0001)로 나타나 유의한 결과를 보였다. 또한, 비선형 회귀식 모델을 활용하여 구한 가스상 PCBs의 일별, 월별 싸이클을 모사한 방정식도 매우 유의한 결과(p<0.0001)를 나타내었다.

Isolation and identification of Bacillus megaterium producing Alkaline ${\alpha}$-amylase

Jia, Shiru,Choe, Yong-Deok,Cho, Hoon Korean Society for Environmental Sanitary Engineer 2008 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.23 No.1

A bacterial strain, Bacillus megaterium L-49 has been isolated and identified that produces alkaline ${\alpha}$-amylase. The cell is ellipsoidal, about $1.0-1.2{\times}3.0-3.6{\mu}m$ in diameter, Gram-positive, motile, and central partial central. Growth occurs in media containing 7% of NaCl. This strain could utilize D-glucose, lactose, xylose, sucrose, mannose, and maltose, and but it does not utilize D-fructose, and glycogen. Among the various concentrations of saturated ammonium sulfate, the retractation ratio in range of 70 to 100% was about 93%. However, in the case of acetone, it was about 98.7%. EDTA has activating effect and Ca2+ has no effect on alkaline ${\alpha}$-amylase activity. The alkaline ${\alpha}$-amylase has low thermal stability. The optimal temperature for reaction is $50^{\circ}C$. The alkaline ${\alpha}$-amylase activity maintained stabilizing at pH 6-11 and the optimal pH for reaction was 9-10.

Lincomycin Production in the culture of Streptomyces lincolnensis using crude soybean oil in air lift bioreactor

Cho, Ki-An,Cho, Hoon Korean Society for Environmental Sanitary Engineer 2008 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Using crude soybean oil as the sole carbon source, the lincomycin production from Streptomyces lincolnensis LC 345 was investigated in the air lift bioreactor. When 30 g/L of crude soybean oil was used, the maximum lincomycin concentration reached 0.89 g/L, after 5 days of culture. When CSL concentration was increased from 10 to 30 g/L, Lincomycin concentration was increased from 0.6 to 1.2. On the other hand, when CSL concentration was increased from 40 to 60 g/L, it was decreased from 1.15 to 0.7 g/L. Using these results, fed batch cultures for comparing the use of crude soybean oil and glucose as a conventional carbon source were carried out in a 5 L air lift bioreactor. When crude soybean oil was used as the sole carbon source, the maximum lincomycin concentration was 2.0 g/L, which was about 2.0 fold higher than that of glucose medium after 7 day of culture. The product yield from olive oil was 0.042 g/g consumed carbon source, which was about 3.8 fold higher than that of glucose.

Application for Measuring the Glucose, Ammonia nitrogen, and Tylosin Concentration using Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Kim, Jong-Soo,Cho, Hoon Korean Society for Environmental Sanitary Engineer 2008 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.13 No.2

For measurement of tylosin, ammonia nitrogen, and glucose concentration during the culture of Streptomyces fradiae using Near Infrared Spectroscopy, the calibration using various mathematical models was performed and then, based on the linear model, the validation was carried out. In the case of sucrose concentration using the MLR method, the Standard Error of Prediction and Multiple correlation coefficient were 1.97, and 0.991, respectively. In the case of ammonia nitrogen concentration using the PLSR method, the Standard Error of Prediction and Multiple correlation coefficient were 0.13, and 0.990, respectively. In the case of tylosin concentration using the PLSR method, the standard Error of Prediction and Multiple correlation coefficient were 0.54, and 0.984, respectively.