Correlation Coefficiency between the amount and the moyile of various oral microorganism

Jung, Kwang-Young International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti 2008 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.4 No.1

Objective: TThe author has observed the oral micro-organism by use of the phase contrast microscope, in order to calculate the co-relation co-efficient between the amount and the motile of the oral micro-organism according to morphological types of the oral micro-organism. Methods: 303 volunteers as such groups as preshool children, children, adolescent, young adult, prime of adult and senile were participated for the study, Co-relation co-efficient was calculated between the amount and the motile at each types of oral micro-organism and compared the data each others. Results: It revealed the positive relationship between the amount and the motile, both in filament typed and in spiral typed micro-organism at the plaque of the proximal area in whole ages. It was the positive relationship between the amount and the motile in bacilli, filament and spiral typed micro-organism, at the plaque of the proximal area. It was variable positive relationship between the amount and the motile such as the amount and the motile of the bacilli, the motile of spiral and the amount of filament typed micro-organism, at the plaque of the proximal area in adults, Moreover, the more active in motile of the bacilli, the more amount of filament. And the more amount of filament, the more active motile both in filament and spiral, the more amount of spiral typed. The more amount of spiral, the more active motile of spiral. Futhermore, the more active motile of cocci, the more active motile of bacilli, Moreover, the more amount of filament, the more active motile of bacilli, the more active motile of bacilli, Moreover, the more amount of filament, the more active motile of filament and the more amount of spiral. The more amount of spiral, the more active motile of spiral typed micro-organism, in whole ages. Conclusion: The equilibrium state of each micro-organism, both in the amount and the motile would be important to influence each others, so it should be controlled to adjust the equilibrium state of oral micro-organisms for dental patients individually, in clinical.

SEM findings on Er : YAG Laser irradiation at early caries lesions of tooth enamel

Lee, Jae-Min International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti 2007 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.3 No.1

Objectives: The authors has irradiated Er:YAG laser on tooth enamel with early caries lesions in order to eliminate the caries lesions by changing the energy power and pulse rate on the extracted 14 molar teeth. Methods: Each sample was irradiated energy power as 50 mJ, 200 mJ and 300 mJ respectively applied and pulse rate as 5 ㎐, 10㎐, 15㎐ and 20㎐ were used, and thermal changes at each situation was monitored. SEM was exposed as x50 and x1,000 to observe the changes of the enamel surfaces to find the optimum energy and pulse rate to apply in clinical. Results: There was no difference in enamel changes of early caries lesions between on experimental groups and the control groups, through the irradiation with 50 mJ of the energy power. The strips phenomena obviously was shown by increasing the pulse rate of laser irradiation as 10, 15 and 20 ㎐, to early caries lesions with 200 mJ of energy power and observed by SEM findings with x1,000. The strips phenomena on the enamel surface in experimental groups were shown obviously by incresing of the pulse rate with 300 mJ of energy power for laser irradiation, but it was shown the destruction phenomena of enamel surface, even though more elimination of caries lesion, on 20㎐ of the pulse rate. The more duration of laser irradiation, the more elimination of early caries lesion and strip phenomena on 20 mJ of energy power, by SEM observation with x1,000. The temperature changes were within 3℃ as tolerance ranges of thermal changes in clinical use, in all experimental groups. Conclusion: It was recommended that 2 W to 4.5 W as the optimum ranges of the energy power for clinical use of Er: YAG laser, in order to use for elimination of early such treatment as sealant of fluoride would be recommended to apply after laser irrdiation on the purpose of rough surface control.

(case Report) Halitosis & Halitophobia Treatment Protocol

Shun-Ichi Honda International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti 2008 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.4 No.1

Lately, we are seeing a surge in Halitophobia (Jishuu-Shou) patients who have bad breath without any signs of internal, oral, or otolaryngologic problems. For these patients, dental treatment(plaque control Edeodorize) is not sufficient measures for treatment. These patients have suffered in length, often times experiencing communication and psychological problems that greatly deteriorate their quality of living (QOL) which is difficult to address through general dentistry or traditional halitosis treatments. Through research of various types of patients, we have developed and taught a treatment protocol that is suitable to any type of patients. We have also proven that doctors and doctor°Øs assistants can safely replicate this protocol. These treatments differ from regular dental treatments in that they do not require surgery or oral medical treatments, but require stabilizing of the oral function, enabling not only dentists but dental assistants with proper training to undergo treatment by themselves. Since the treatment not only addresses halitosis, but also preventive treatment for general dental problems, this treatment has been established as a model preventive treatment.

The Shade Analysis in the Maxillary Anterior Teeth in age 20s of Koreans, by Use of Shadescan™

Park, Ki-Jung Shin, Seung-Chul Lyoo, Yeun-Joung Cho, Ja-Won International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti 2006 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.2 No.1

Objectives: the purpose of this study is to suggest an objective guide to examine Korean young adults group’s color of the teeth on the upper jaw. Methods: Authors examined 105 male and female volunteer students (age 20s) in Dankok University. The examination was done by ShadescanTM, Which has been developed recently. The maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, canine were taken with ShadescanTM and analyzed with the color contour line system by authors. Results: The color of the teeth was usually appeared as a contour line. However, if the labial surface was flat, then the contour line was also appeared flat, and if the labial surface was dented, then the contour line was dented, too. In the case of subtle vertical cracks on the teeth, the downwardly dented contour line followed them. The frequent degree of shade of maxillary central incisor in six parts were following. A2(35.2%), A3(20.2%), A3(33.3%), D2 or D3(36.2%) each), A4(24.8%), A2(49.5%). The frequent degree of shade of maxillary lateral incisor in six parts were following. A3(33.3%), B3(19.0%), A3(31.4%), D3(40.0%), A4(45.7%), A2(41.0%). The frequent degree of shade of maxillary canine in six parts were following, B4(26.7%), A3.5(46.7%), A3.5(34.3%), A4(39.0%), A4(63.8%), C4(34.3%). Conclusion : Colors on maximally anterior region were evenly distributed, but A range(reddish brown) was mainly appeared, and as it went from central incisor or ca nine, the chroma became rich. parts that were near to gingiva showed various colors. However, if appeared as A3, A3.5, etc, that have high chroma. In parts where the dentin was thin and only enamel exists. shade of C1, D2, D3, etc, appeared, and it seemed that those affected transparency and the thickness of teeth.

Amounts of gingival crevicular fluid according to age and the relationship with oral micro-organism

Ku, Hyon-Mo International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti 2009 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.5 No.1

Objectives: The objective of this study is to present, inquired the gingival crevicular fluid(GCF) by age and sex, and the relationship with other oral factors to use as base information of individual oral state. Methods: The study was done, classified with 6 group by age and 30 males and the same number of females were included, summing as 360 subjectives. Oral examination was done and amounts of GCF was measured with Periotron. Moisture paper strip was applied for 60 subjectives in order to estimate the correlationship coefficient between the value measured by Periotron and checked by moisture paper strip. Another 30 of adults subjectives were participated for oral micro-organism examination and correlation coefficient was estimated between the GCF amount and the amount/motile of each oral micro-organism. Results: GCF volumes at molar tooth by Periotron are ranged from 38.52 at adult to 65.53 at senile, and at child and senile the volume is significantly high. The GCF volume at front tooth are ranged from 38.57 in adult to 66.23 in senile, and in senile the volume is significantly high. GCF volume and clinical state of gingival has correlations, especially gingival index relationship being at molar part r=0.381, and frontal part r=0.465. There is relationship between GCF volume and amount of comma/spiral(r=0.394, p<0.05), filament(r=0.387, p<0.05), and bacilli(r=0.367, p<0.05) and motile of filament(r=0.378, p<0.05). There is relationship between GCF volume and value of moisture paper exam(r=0.315, p<0.05). Conclusion: Clinically, it is considered that clinical test of gingivitis can be used by measuring of the volume of GCF, one of the important informations of individual periodontal status.

Correlation co-efficient between dental plaque and halitosis

Kim, Yong-Suk International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti 2009 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.5 No.1

Objectives: The authors surveyed the amounts of tongue plaque, salivary flow, and dental plaque which are local factor that occurs oral malodor, but generally effects the odor relatively. Methods: With 40 participants of adult male for reference of oral malodor regulation, author used Oralchroma and BB checker to measure the oral malodor and had oral examination, salivary test, dental plaque examination, and PFRI. Results: Correlation coefficient between tongue plaque and hydrogen sulfide is r=0.360. Correlation coefficient between PFRI and hydrogen sulfide is r=0.312. The hydrogen sulfide average value in higher level group of PFRI is 60.0 and value in lower level group of PFRI is 20.4. So higher PFRI level group is higher hydrogen sulfide value than lower PFRI level group in statistically(p<0.01). Conclusion: In the oral malodor control which it occurs by the factors in the oral cavity, control of tongue plaque and control of dental plaque have to be done. Also, prescription for chemical plaque control for lowering the plaque formation rate may be needed to control the oral malodor.

SEM findings on dentinal tubulse with Er,Cr:YSGG Laser irradiation and/or Fluoride Application

Lee, Su-Yeon International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti 2008 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.4 No.1

Objectives : In this study, we have investigated the effects of YSGG Laser and Fluoride Gel to treat hypersensitive teeth. Methods : For this study we have collected 20 intact first and second molars and all the teeth were divided into 4 parts. Each part had been allocated to 4 groups. Group 1 is a control group. Group 2 is irradiated by YSGG Laser. Group 3 is irradiated by YSGG Laser after Fluoride application. Group 4 is applied with Fluoride gel. We have observed the surface of each group with SEM and com pared the closing degree of dentinal tubules. In comparison between 4 groups in average closing degree of dentinal tubules, the results are followings. Results: Group 2, 3, 4 are higher than group 1 and this is meaningful statistically(p<0.05). Group 2 is 4.077, and Group 4 is 4.121. Group 4 is higher than Group 2 but this is not meaningful statistically(p>0.05). Group 3 is 4.514 and this is higher than Group 2 and 4. This is meaningful statistically(p>0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that YSGG laser and Fluoride application take effect on the treatment of hypersensitive teeth. And simultaneous usage of two mettods increases the effectiveness. In consequence, we my recommend simultaneous usage of two methods in treatment of serious hypersensitivity.

The Effects of Dentifrice Mixed with Green Tea Extract and Cetylpyridinium Chloride in Preventing Gum Diseases and Oral Malodor

Yoo, Su-Min Cho, Ja-Won Hwang, Kyung-Sook Kim, Chan-Ho Chae, Sang-Kun, Sung, Young-Eun Lee, John-Hwa International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti 2011 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.7 No.1

Objective: The aim of this study was to ascertain the effects on oral environment improvement including the control of dental plaque, the prevention of gingivitis and the repression of oral malodor using dentifrice mixed with hydrated silica, sodium monofluorophosphate, green tea extract and cetylpyridinium chloride. Methods: The experiment was conducted of 95 of Korean male and female adult volunteers using by double blind method. Before the experiment started, the subjects removed their tartar mechanically to make the oral conditions of all subjects same. After 2 weeks for no residual effect, the oral environmental index was measured as baseline value. For 3 months, the subjects were instructed to use dentifrice experimented and the effect of hydrated silica, sodium monofluorophosphate, green tea extract and cetylpyridinium chloride was analyzed comparing experiment group 1 and 2 with control group. Results: The changes of gingivitis and plaque index of 2 experiment groups, which is to figure out the improvement of gingivitis, were significantly different compared to that of control group (p<0.05). Changes of oral malodor of 2 experiment groups were significantly different compared to that of control group (p<0.05). After 3 months freshness of 2experiment groups were significantly different compared to that of control group (p<0.05). The experiment group had freshness at about 7.83, experiment group 1 at about 7.97 while the control group at about 3.15. Conclusion: The most effective improvement especially shown on the oral conditions were dentifrice that contains.

A study on the Influencing Factors for the Bone loss of the dental implant

Lee, Mi-young International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti 2008 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.4 No.1

Objectives: The effect and prevision of osseointegrated implants have shown a high success rate f over 90% due to long term high success rates and continuous expansion of studies. But despite the high success rate, bon loss around implants are reported to be induced by poor dental plaque management, smoking, uncontrollable systemic diseases, and excessive overload. There is also a report on the various success rates according to the location, type, and surgical method of implants. Therefore the evaluation of these factors and cause of bone loss is essential for a continuous good prognosis Methods: This study was conducted to establish n evaluation data to maintain high success rates of implant operation on patients from dental hospitals in Gyeonggi-do region by comparing the bone loss condition according to their age, sex, implant location, systemic disease, type of implant, smoking status, and management of plaque. The study was performed on 194(total 530) patients who had final panorama data, who had implanted implants in partial or complete edentulous jaws during the last three years. They were classified according to medical records and radiographs and after the number of exposed screws were realized, interviews on effecting factors were performed on each patient to evaluate the correlation of bone loss and number of screws. Results: There was no difference in the amount of bone loss from implants in the type of implant, implant torque, existence of bone graft, or location in the maxilla or mandible(p>0.05). There was more bone loss in men than women and posterior than anterior. Also, the study showed that patients who had a sinus lift had more bone loss(p<0.05). The amount of bone loss from implants showed a weak negative correlation the number of implant(r=-0.134, p=0.002). The bone loss from implants was associated with diabetes and osteoporosis and was not associated with the existence of drinking alcoho, but with the amount of alcoho consumption. There was also an association with smoking but it showed a negative correlation with the amount and duration of smoking. The amount of bone loss form implants showed no difference according to the number of times of toohbrushing, the use mouth wash, Waterpik or Superfloss, and Proxabrush(p>0.05), but it showed a difference according to the use of dental floss(p<0.05). In implant bone loss according to toothbrushing methods, there was the least in patients who used Bass method, more in patients who used rolling method, more in those who used rolling method, more in those who used scrub method, and most in patients who brushed their teeth as they wished every time. Conclusion: In order to minimize bone loss after implants, it is thought that systemic diseases such as diabetes and osteoporosis should be controlled adequately, drinking and smoking should be reduced and stopped, and education on professional toothbrushing and selecting and using assist products so that dental plaques can be properly managed should be given to patients

Clinacal Study on Effects of Dentifrice Containing 0.05% Isopropyl Methylphenol(IPMP)and 0.05% Dipotassium Glycyrrhiziante (GK2)on Gingival Conditions

Park, Yong-Duk International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti 2010 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.6 No.1

Objective: The purpose of this clinical study is to determine the effect of dentifrice containing 0.05% Isopropyl methylphenol (IPMP) and 0.05% Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (GK2) on improvement of gingivitis related symptoms. Materials and Method: Double blind clinical study was carried out in 120 healthy Korean adults to evaluate the improvement effect of test dentifrices for 3 month. All subjects (range of age: 23-35) were randomly assigned into 4 groups, 1) control (without both IPMP and GK2), 2) 0.05% IPMP/ 0.05% GK2 group, 3) 0.05% IPMP group and 4) 0.05% GK2 group. All subjects were provided with their assigned test dentifrice and soft-bristled toothbrush for home use. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth for 3 minutes three times daily using only the dentifrice and toothbrush provided. Results: After 3 month test period, IPMP/GK2 group showed statistically significant (p<0.05) reductions for halitosis (17.5%), Plaque index, gingival crevicular fluid, periodontal pocket depth, and Gingival index compared to control group. Conclusion: The dentifrice containing of 0.05% IPMP and 0.05% GK2 showed the most efficient in improving the gingivitis related symptoms. These findings might suggest that a combination of IPMP and GK2 showed a synergistic effect or special mode of action.