Complying with Title IX: An analysis of emergent leadership issues in an NCAA Division I institution

Reagan, Shawn S Indiana University of Pennsylvania 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of this case study was to identify aspects of leadership that appear to be central in emerging issues that have occurred as a result of Title IX within the athletic program at Dune University where research was performed. A case study approach was used to investigate and develop information regarding emerging issues with Title IX at Dune University. In order to gain this understanding, an analysis was completed using documents that included a chronological depiction of the university's history of adding sports to address emerging Title IX issues (Dune University NCAA Self-Study, 2004). Additionally, university media documents were researched, such as the Athletic Media Guide 2004, which assisted in developing knowledge of the history of the overall athletic program. Also a review of major documents, including the NCAA Self-Study on Equity, Welfare, and Sportsmanship (2004), was completed, as well as examination of past initiatives that have been instrumental in Title IX development. The cornerstone of this study was the interview process from which data was drawn to identify emergent Title IX issues. Woven among this data are the leadership roles played by key personnel at the university. The leadership roles have been determined from the data, as well as leadership theories used during the Title IX compliance process at the Dune University. The following five research questions guided this qualitative study: (1) What are the emerging Title IX issues for the university's Athletic Program? (2) Considering the path-goal theory of leadership, what goals, pathways, obstacles, and unique support has the university's athletic department experienced in addressing emergent Title IX issues? (3) What leadership styles or approaches have led to progress toward Title IX compliance and have aided in addressing emergent Title IX issues? (4) How were the elements of the team leadership theory employed within the university's athletic department? (5) What are the leadership strategies used to establish policies or initiatives in response to Title IX issues at the University?. The study concluded using a typological analysis of the data. In Hatch's (2002) typological analysis of data the final step of the process is to conclude with determining major conclusions based upon the data.

Unexplored territory: Writing instruction in Pennsylvania homeschool settings, grades 9--12

Huber, Lois Elaine Indiana University of Pennsylvania 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

This exploratory, descriptive study investigates the nature of the writing instruction that Pennsylvania's parents offer the high school level students they homeschool. Such knowledge is significant for several reasons. First, during the 1999–2000 school year, Pennsylvania homeschool parents taught 1.1% of the state's students to write. Second, there is a dearth of information on high school level writing instruction in homeschools. The study conducts four focused inquiries related to such writing instruction: (a) what available research and data inform home-based writing, (b) how homeschool families are best characterized, (c) what living accommodations, learning structures, and writing practices homeschool families use, and (d) how family-specific living choices and teaching practices impact writing experiences and composing processes. Homeschooling is conceptualized as (a) a social movement formed around alternative educational interests, (b) a form of family-specific culture, and (c) a family-based system of private education. The data in this study originate from searches of little-known primary homeschool sources, participation in homeschool events, and informant interviews. Semi-structured topical interviews with seven parents and nine students detail each family's choice to homeschool, living and learning structures, and the relationships that facilitate learning to write. Student texts illustrate the “products” of that instruction. After rigorous analysis, the ethnographic data of these primary sources, events, and interviews are reported as case-study narratives that support four conclusions: (1) Homeschool writing instruction is a little-explored curricular activity. (2) Homeschool families are best characterized as social innovators, as customized social units, and as educational cooperatives that integrate writing into their living and learning. (3) Homeschool families segregate or integrate their living and learning and structure or relax their instruction in ways that develop the writing skills they value. (4) Homeschool living choices and teaching practices impact the range of writing that students experience and the sophistication of their composing processes. The exploratory nature of this study foregrounds the need for further focused research into a little-known curricular phenomenon.

The effectiveness of the "Seven Habits of Highly Effective People" training program: Perceptions of change for training participants in a public state-supported higher education institution

Hanley, Joyce A Indiana University of Pennsylvania 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

This study examined the extent to which the leadership development training program, the Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, produced perceptions of behavioral change in trainees at the individual level and the organizational level. The research also assessed to what extent the demographic factors of age, gender, and position in the organization influenced the participants' perception of both individual and organizational change. The conceptual model for this study theorized that when an organization is confronted with internal or external change, training can provide a means for individuals to obtain the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to learn to adapt to the changing environment. As individuals change their behavior/attitudes by applying the training the organization itself changes. This creates a continuous change and learning loop, which is characteristic of a learning organization. This research utilized existing survey data collected by a public state-supported higher education institution where Seven Habits training was conducted. Three research questions were investigated. The first focused on the perception of change before and after training for behaviors/activities associated with the Seven Habits and the traits of character, competence, and trust. The second addressed the perception of change related to key institutional change initiatives identified by the university. Finally, this study sought to determine whether the demographic factors of age, gender, and position in the organization influenced trainees' perceptions of both individual and organizational change. The data demonstrated that there was a statistically significant perception of change at the individual level, for all demographic groups, for each of the seven habits, and the traits of character and competence. The perception of positive change for Trust was mixed. No major differences in perception, based on any of the demographic factors, were identified. The majority of respondents indicated a positive perception of change for all key organizational initiatives as a result of the Seven Habits training. The only consistent demographic factor that appears to have had an impact on perception of organization change was age.

The impact of staff training in a nursing home setting on knowledge of and attitudes toward sexuality in the elderly

Menzel, Jennifer C Indiana University of Pennsylvania 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Geriatric sexuality is a sensitive issue that becomes further complicated when introduced into a nursing home setting as nursing homes are generally not conducive to, or receptive of, expressions of sexuality in its residents. Staff training was conducted with 35 individuals in two nursing homes in western Pennsylvania. Twenty individuals agreed to participate in the study and complete a questionnaire and take part in a short interview at the time of pretest and posttest. There was a significant difference in the number of reported sexual behaviors from pretest to posttest and there was also a significant difference in attitudes toward geriatric sexuality from pre to posttest. While there was not a significant increase in knowledge of geriatric sexuality, the trend suggested that the staff training had a positive impact.

Violent youth in adult court: A comprehensive examination of legislative waiver and decertification

Jordan, Kareem L Indiana University of Pennsylvania 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

The current study sought to examine the under-researched area of juvenile decertification and assess the overall effectiveness of Pennsylvania's Act 33 legislative waiver statute. The study focused specifically on factors that predict decertification and provided a comparative analysis of decertified and non-decertified offenders in terms of case outcomes and recidivism, along with a general consideration of whether the statute achieves the goals of increased offender accountability and public safety. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed. Quantitative data were utilized pertaining to 423 youth initially transferred to adult court under Act 33 in three Pennsylvania Counties during 1996. Qualitative interviews were conducted with criminal justice professionals from each of the same three counties, all of whom were involved directly in the legislative waiver and decertification processes. The results indicated that legal factors (e.g., offense seriousness and prior record) are the strongest predictors of decertification. In addition, Act 33 does not appear to provide a greater certainty or swiftness of punishment among violent offenders in adult court, as compared to those who are decertified to juvenile court. However, there does appear to be harsher sanctions (in terms of incarceration length) provided in adult court than in juvenile court. Finally, Act 33 does not seem to provide a greater specific deterrent effect for non-decertified offenders, but may actually increase the risk of recidivism for their violent counterparts who are decertified to juvenile court. The current findings, in light of past juvenile transfer research, are not supportive of Act 33 achieving its goals of increased offender accountability and greater public safety. Several findings also point to the need for further research, not only on legislative waiver laws, but in comparing outcomes across different transfer mechanisms.

Refiguring composition through theory

Lynch-Biniek, Amy Indiana University of Pennsylvania 2009 해외공개박사

In this dissertation, I argue that curricular choices in Composition are overdetermined by the academic labor system and its negative effect on the status of composition theory. Despite the growth of disciplinary knowledge, composition programs are still staffed largely with underpaid and under supported faculty and graduate students, many of whom have not studied composition theory in any depth. In some institutions, a single compositionist may act as Writing Program Administrator, supervising a temporary staff. While some colleges and universities have taken steps to reform the teaching and staffing of composition, too many have not. I intertwine theory and narrative as a means of arguing my central premises. I contend that this combination (1) can make theory more accessible, (2) can encourage scholars to consider more carefully the effects of context on theorizing, and (3) can improve the status of teaching narratives. I argue that, in the corporatized university, Composition studies and composition theory are devalued. In order to rationalize the wide use of contingent and graduate student labor and a renewed emphasis on assessment, administrators must treat composition theory as superfluous. Compositionists become token luxuries, unnecessary to the curriculum when persons with no expertise in Composition can be hired to teach writing. Moreover, administrators maintain material circumstances for faculty that resist theory's incorporation into composition teaching and curricula. Further, I contend that three models of composition teaching, which I believe can be used in reductive and theoretically weak ways---grammar study, focus on academic discourse, and assessment preparation---are perpetuated because they support the means and goals of the corporate university. This matters greatly, I will explain, because: (1) the quality of composition teaching suffers; (2) the largely untenured, under-prepared and underpaid workforce suffers; and (3) the state of composition teaching will not change en masse unless we directly address the intersection of composition theory and composition labor. Finally, I describe the ways I employ composition theory in my pedagogical practice and in my public writing.

Executive functioning and behavior: A study of children with ADHD in a summer treatment program

Emmons, Christy L Indiana University of Pennsylvania 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

The present research study expanded on the current literature regarding the nature of executive functioning in children with ADHD, with an emphasis on Barkley's theory of executive functioning and ADHD. Specifically, this research study explored the relationship between ratings on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), a parent completed behavioral measure, and objective behavioral observations during a Summer Treatment Program (STP). Results of this study indicate that scores on the Inhibit scale of the BRIEF, a measure of inhibitory control and the ability to stop one's behavior at the appropriate time, are significantly correlated with the number of interruptions committed by a child during a summer treatment program. Exploratory analyses of ADHD and non-ADHD children revealed that their Inhibit scores on the BRIEF were significantly different, with ADHD children exhibiting greater deficits in inhibitory control. This finding is consistent with accumulating research implicating disinhibition as a cardinal feature of ADHD. Results of this study also indicate that children with disruptive behavior disorders, as a group, demonstrate greater deficits in inhibition compared to a normal sample. Deficits in inhibitory control followed a step-wise pattern, with ADHD children demonstrating the greatest severity of deficits. The present study did not find significant differences between males and females with regard to Inhibition scores on the BRIEF or the number of interruptions committed during the STP. Results of an exploratory step-wise regression analysis indicate that the Working Memory scale of the BRIEF is a significant predictor of a child's treatment progress in the STP. Interestingly, the current research findings indicate that an increase in working memory deficits predicted a positive change in the child's ability to follow activity rules. In other words, children exhibiting greater difficulty in working memory were predicted to show improvements in their ability to follow activity rules at the end of a summer treatment program. Possible explanations for this finding, including the structured and consistent nature of the STP, are provided.

The ecopoetics of Gary Snyder

Connelly, Patrick J Indiana University of Pennsylvania 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

This work investigates the role that ecology plays in the poetics of Gary Snyder, especially as ecological considerations influence his compositional processes, content choices, and forms by examining his recent prose, poetry, and interviews. Existing Snyder criticism often assumes a Formalist approach, treating the works in relative isolation from each other. Not enough criticism assesses or treats seriously Snyder's own concerns with ecology and his explanations of the role of ecology in his poetics, even though Snyder has articulated the relationship extensively in prose and in interviews. There has not been enough critical assessment of his poetry between various works and phases. The publication of Mountains and Rivers Without End represents the convergence of decades of production, which affords readers and critics an opportunity to understand Snyder not only in terms of specific poems and individual collections, but also in terms of his ecological thinking and its conjunction with his poetics. Because it culminates forty years of Snyder's writing, it best illustrates Snyder's ecopoetic process. The relatively recent publications of The Practice of the Wild, A Place in Space , and The Gary Snyder Reader offer additional explanations that assist in understanding what can otherwise be difficult and perplexing moments in his poetry. The major investigation of my work will be into the overall relationship between ecology and Snyder's poetics, especially through the use of his more recent publications. I contend that an understanding of Snyder's concepts of ecology are essential to an accurate understanding of his poetic methods and content, and such concepts give readers a better comprehension of other aspects of Snyder's work, such as his commitment to Buddhism and Native American mythology, his desire to establish a meaningful critique of contemporary culture, and his concerns with the intersection of contemporary philosophy, literary theory, and criticism. This dissertation addresses Snyder's development as a poet in relation to his growing understanding of ecological principles and his efforts to combine them into a unified way of seeing and understanding the world.

Examining Audiology Students' Clinical Reasoning Skills and Satisfaction with Virtual Audiology Cases Aided with No Collaboration, Live Collaboration, and Virtual Collaboration

Shaaban, Ramy Moustafa Kamel Indiana University of Pennsylvania ProQuest Disser 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in clinical reasoning skills and satisfaction of students when using virtual audiology cases aided with no collaboration, virtual collaboration, and live collaboration. The literature review highlighted how collaboration affects the clinical reasoning and the satisfaction of students. The theoretical framework discussed five major approaches that could explain this effect; Situated Learning Theory, Social Development Theory, Scaffolding, Collaborative Learning, and Cognitive Load Theory. A quasi-experimental design was conducted at two U.S. universities to examine whether there is a significant difference in clinical reasoning skills between the three treatment groups using IUP Audiosim software. The Satisfaction Survey for Simulation Experiences was used to examine whether there is a significant difference in satisfaction between the three treatment groups. The clinical reasoning data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA, and Tukey HSD for ANOVA, and the satisfaction data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and One-sample t-test. The results indicated that there was a significant difference in clinical reasoning skills between the three treatment groups, and there is no significant difference in satisfaction between those three groups.

Civil society leadership in the Commonwealth of Dominica: A qualitative case study of leadership characteristics in a changing social context

Scotland, Eddie P Indiana University of Pennsylvania 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

This qualitative case study represents the first attempt to study leadership from the perspectives of leaders of not-for-profit organizations in Dominica. The study has particular significance since most leaders have been maligned for the perceived lack of leadership in the country. The study explored the perceptions of twelve leaders of not-for-profit organizations and three influential non-positional (or freelance) leaders regarding their roles in and experiences with leadership during a period of economic and social instability. Their narratives are descriptions of their perceptions of and responses to the question "How do leaders experience leadership during times of economic and social instability?" Open-ended, semi-structured, in-depth interviews with the 15 participants were the primary data collection procedure employed. Data analysis was conducted using categorical and contextual methods, thereby allowing key concepts, patterns, and themes to emerge. There were several major findings. First, the participants' philosophies of leadership were found to be congruent with classic leadership behaviors described in the literature and viewed their activities as "work" and not necessarily a title or position they occupied in the organization. Further, they were dissatisfied with the status quo and sought concrete and specific solutions to the problems they identified. Participants are described as patriotic and were not preoccupied with individual comfort or personal gains. Participants engaged in extensive self-analysis in order to define both strengths and weaknesses and acknowledged others' perceptions are crucial but emphasized that such perceptions are secondary to their self-perception. The results of this study add to the limited research regarding leaders in Dominica and their role in leadership during times of economic and social instability. The study holds both theoretical and pragmatic significance providing important implications for scholars worldwide and practitioners in Dominica and may be useful in expanding their understanding of leadership.