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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 발행기관 : Applied Ecology and Environmental Research (검색결과 3 건)
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Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 2018 Applied ecology and environmental research Vol.16 No.1
<P>Long-term research on the effect of deicers on groundcover plants can open up usage of groundcover plants for ornamental purposes on the roadside affected by deicer salt. The objective of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of CaCl2 on morphological and physical responses of purple chrysanthemum (Aster sphathulifolius) grown in a greenhouse. Five different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 g/L) of road deicer (CaCl2 74%) solutions (100 ml) were applied twice a week for a 5 month period. Survival rate, growth parameter, biomass, and physiological indices were measured. Increased CaCl2 concentration resulted in decreased survival rate, especially at concentrations higher than 10 g/L. Exposure to increasing CaCl2 concentrations resulted in dramatic decreases in growth index, number of leaves, leaf width, and leaf length at concentration higher than 2 g/L. Biomass was also negatively affected by increasing deicer salt stress, with shoot mass being reduced more than root fresh weight. Chlorophyll b content was decreased, while chlorophyll a and proline contents in leaves had a gradual increase when plants were exposed to increasing salt stress. Although a clear roadside negative effect did exist, there was no significant difference between plants under 1 g/L of CaCl2 and control treatment for 5 months. Our results suggest that Aster sphathulifolius planting could be highly beneficial to the roadside or urban areas with mildly salt-affected soils.</P>
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MAXIMUM ENTROPY MODELING OF FARMLAND DAMAGE CAUSED BY THE WILD BOAR (SUS SCROFA)
Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 2018 Applied ecology and environmental research Vol.16 No.2
<P>Farmland damage caused by wild boars was modeled by the Maxent model using the field-inspecting data surveyed in Gyeongnam Province of South Korea during 2012 and 2013. A total of 3,854 cases (2,286 in 2012 and 1,568 in 2013) were chosen for the model after the field inspection. The Maxent model obtained quite high AUCs exceeding 0.8, indicating that the probability derived from the model had high accuracy. The variable 'distance from forest boundary (d_forest)' revealed a higher probability for damaged areas located closer to forest boundaries. The areas damaged by wild boars were also located much closer to agricultural areas, including paddies and fields. Overall, areas located within 500 m of other agricultural areas showed a higher likelihood of damage by wild boars. Based on the predictions in Maxent, damage to farmland caused by wild boars was more closely related to distance from its habitat (i.e., forest) and use of land as food resources (i.e., rice paddies and fields) than topographical factors such as elevation and slope.</P>
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Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 2018 Applied ecology and environmental research Vol.16 No.2
<P>The application of C-13 and N-15 labeled phytoplankton makes it possible to directly follow the pathway and transfer of food source (cyanobacteria) into consumers (aquatic organisms), in contrast to past studies where only changes in compositions of chlorophyll-alpha, clearity, and nutrients were taken as the evidence for these processes. To evaluate the effect of biocontrol by aquatic organisms (aquatic plants; Iris pseudoacorus, filter feeder bivalve; Sinanodonta arcaeformis, and Unio douglasiae, macroinvertebrate; Caridina denticulate, carnivore fish; Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, Odontobutis platycephala, planktivore fish; Pseudorasbora parv, and omnivore fish; Misgurmus anguillicaudatus) on large toxigenic cyanobacteria bloom (Microcystis aeruginosa) in the freshwater ecosystem, we conducted a biomanipulation test on in situ ponds using dual stable isotope tracers (C-13 and N-15). As a filter feeding bivalve, S. arcaeformis could incorporate more toxic cyanobacteria cells than U. douglasiae, demonstrating its larger detoxification capacity. Also, macroinvertebrate (C. denticulate) continuously assimilated to cyanobacteria species in combination with zooplankton and detritus, probably due to detoxification capacity. Indeed, the aquatic plants (I. pseudoacorus) seem to be nutrient uptakes in water column and inhibit to light attenuation, comparing to cyanobacteria species. As a primary consumer of phytoplankton, zooplankton (Copepoda) consumed to small and edible particles which is changed from inedible toxic filamentous cyanobacteria species through the grazing efficiency by aquatic organisms. However, various kinds of fishes hardly feed on toxic cyanobacteria directly. Our result suggests that the native species, like Sinanodonta sp. and C. denticulate, are very useful bio-control organisms on toxic cyanobacteria bloom rather than carnivore, omnivore and planktivore fish. Furthermore, if an aquatic plant that can not only remove nutrients but also provide habitats to aquatic organisms (zooplankton, bivalves and shrimps) is developed, it can help control toxic cyanobacteria blooms. Therefore, it is considered that the development and establishment of habitat of useful organisms is very necessary for water quality improvement. Our biomanipulation technique may provide a key tool for efficient management and restoration of eutrophied reservoirs.</P>
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