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Zhou, Yanfei,Fernandez, Stefan,Yoon, In-Kyu,Simasathien, Sriluck,Watanaveeradej, Veerachai,Yang, Yu,Marte-Salcedo, Omely A.,Shuck-Lee, Deidra J.,Thomas, Stephen J.,Hang, Jun AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2016 The American journal of tropical medicine and hygi Vol.95 No.3
<P>Numerous pathogens cause respiratory infections with similar symptoms. Routine diagnostics detect only a limited number of pathogens, leaving a gap in respiratory illness etiology surveillance. This study evaluated next generation sequencing for unbiased pathogen identification. Respiratory samples collected in Thailand, Philippines, Bhutan, and Nepal, that were negative by several molecular and immunofluorescence assays, underwent viral cultivation. Samples which demonstrated cytopathic effect in culture (N = 121) were extracted and tested by Luminex xTAG respiratory viral panel (RVP) assay and deep sequencing by Roche 454 FLX Titanium system. Using RVP assay, 52 (43%) samples were positive for enterovirus or rhinovirus and another three were positive for respiratory syncytial virus B, parainfluenza 4, and adenovirus. Deep sequencing confirmed the Luminex assay results and identified additional viral pathogens. Human enteroviruses, including Enterovirus A type 71 and 12 types of Enterovirus B (EV-B) were identified from a hospital in Bangkok. Phylogenetic and recombination analysis showed high correlation of VP1 gene-based phylogeny with genome-wide phylogeny and the frequent genetic exchange among EV-B viruses. The high number and diversity of enteroviruses in the hospital in Bangkok suggests prevalent existence. The metagenomic approach used in our study enabled comprehensive diagnoses of respiratory viruses.</P>
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis as a cause of febrile illness in Korea since at least 2006
Yi, Jongyoun,Kim, Kye-Hyung,Ko, Mee Kyung,Lee, Eun Yup,Choi, Su Jin,Oh, Myoung-don AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2017 The American journal of tropical medicine and hygi Vol.96 No.4
<P>Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is a tick-borne rickettsial zoonosis with fever, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. HGA has been reported in Korea in 2013 but it is uncertain how long it has existed. A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent bone marrow examination due to fever and cytopenia, with no clear hematologic or microbiologic causes, from 2003 through 2012. Laboratory diagnosis was made by detecting 16S rRNA genes of Anaplasma phagocytophilum from the stored blood samples. Among the 70 patients, five (7.1%) HGA cases were found, and the earliest case dated back to 2006. Two cases met the diagnostic criteria of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and were fatal. Although HGA has been prevalent in Korea since at least 2006, it is not always diagnosed and has posed a possible lethal health risk to the people in Korea. HGA should be considered as a cause of fever with cytopenia or HLH.</P>
Risk Factors Leading to Fatal Outcome in Scrub Typhus Patients
Lee, Chang-Seop,Kwon, Keun-Sang,Lee, Heung-Bum,Hwang, Jeong-Hwan American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2009 The American journal of tropical medicine and hygi Vol.81 No.3
<P>Scrub typhus is a potentially fatal infectious disease. However, to this date, no epidemiologic study on mortality of complicated scrub typhus has been reported. We reviewed the clinical records of 302 patients with diagnosis of scrub typhus who were admitted to our institute between January 2000 and December 2006. In total, 297 patients with scrub typhus were analyzed and the mortality rate of this study group was 6.1%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed absence of eschar, event of intensive care unit admission and higher APACHE II score were independent predictive variables. Identification of these risk factors leading to fatal outcome may help physicians to start early intensive management of complicated scrub typhus.</P>
Rapid Dissemination of Newly Introduced Plasmodium vivax Genotypes in South Korea
Kim, Yeon-Joo,Kim, Jung-Yeon,Lee, Eun-Gyu,Lee, Byeong-Chul,Cho, Shin-Hyung,Yu, Jae-Ran,Rhie, Ho-Gun,Choi, Yien-Kyoung,Lee, Ho-Sa,Lee, Joo-Shil,Kim, Tong-Soo,Choi, Kyung-Mi,Park, Mi-Hyun American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2010 The American journal of tropical medicine and hygi Vol.82 No.3
<P>Reemerged Plasmodium vivax malaria in South Korea has not yet been eradicated despite continuous governmental efforts. It has rather become an endemic disease. Our study aimed to determine the genetic diversity in P. vivax merozoite surface protein-1 (PvMSP-1) and circumsporozoite protein (PvCSP) genes over an extended period after its reemergence to its current status. Sequence analysis of PvMSP-1 gene sequences from the 632 P. vivax isolates during 1996-2007 indicates that most isolates recently obtained were different from isolates obtained in the initial reemergence period. There was initially only one subtype (recombinant) present but its subtypes have varied since 2000; six MSP-1 subtypes were recently found. A similar variation was observed by CSP gene analysis; a new CSP subtype was found. Understanding genetic variation patterns of the parasite may help to analyze trends and assess extent of endemic malaria in South Korea.</P>