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- 발행기관 : American Society of Animal Science (검색결과 42 건)
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Lee, Y.-A.,Kim, Y.-H.,Ha, S.-J.,Kim, K.-J.,Kim, B.-J.,Kim, B.-G.,Choi, S.-H.,Kim, I.-C.,Schmidt, J. A.,Ryu, B.-Y. American Society of Animal Science 2014 Journal of Animal Science Vol.92 No.3
<P>Spermatogonial stem cells provide the foundation for continued adult spermatogenesis and their manipulation can facilitate assisted reproductive technologies or the development of transgenic animals. Because the pig is an important agricultural and biomedical research animal, the development of practical application techniques to manipulate the pig Spermatogonial stem cell is needed. The ability to preserve porcine Spermatogonial stem cell or testis tissue long term is one of these fundamental techniques. The objective of this study was to optimize methods to cryopreserve porcine Spermatogonial stem cell when freezing testis cells or testis tissue. To identify the most efficient cryopreservation technique, porcine testis cells (cell freezing) or testis tissue (tissue freezing) were frozen in medium containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) or DMSO, FBS, and various concentrations of trehalose (50, 100, or 200 m<I>M</I>). After thawing, undifferentiated germ cells were enriched and treatments were evaluated for cryopreservation efficiency. The tissue freezing method resulted in significantly greater germ cell recovery (<I>P</I> = 0.041) and proliferation capacity (<I>P</I> < 0.001) compared to the cell freezing treatment. Regardless of freezing method (cell vs. tissue), addition of 200 m<I>M</I> trehalose to freezing medium increased germ cell recovery and proliferation capacity compared to cells frozen using the same freezing method without trehalose. Interestingly, addition of trehalose to the tissue freezing medium significantly increased germ cell recovery (<I>P</I> = 0.012) and proliferation capacity (<I>P</I> = 0.004) compared to the cell freezing treatment supplemented with trehalose. To confirm that cryopreservation in trehalose improves the survival of Spermatogonial stem cell, testis cells enriched for undifferentiated germ cells were xenotransplanted into recipient mouse testes. Germ cells recovered from tissue frozen with 200 m<I>M</I> trehalose generated significantly more (<I>P</I> < 0.001) donor derived colonies than tissue frozen without trehalose. Regardless of cryopreservation medium or freezing method, testis cell recovery, viability, and proliferation capacity of germ cells after thawing were significantly lower compared to those of untreated fresh control. Nevertheless, these data demonstrate that undifferentiated porcine germ cells can be efficiently cryopreserved in the presence of 200 m<I>M</I> trehalose.</P>
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Baik, M.,Kang, H. J.,Park, S. J.,Na, S. W.,Piao, M.,Kim, S. Y.,Fassah, D. M.,Moon, Y. S. American Society of Animal Science 2017 Journal of Animal Science Vol. No.
<P>The intramuscular fat (IMF) content of the LM, also known as marbling, is particularly important in determining the price of beef in Korea, Japan, and the United States. Deposition of IMF is influenced by both genetic (e.g., breed, gender, and genotype) and nongenetic factors (e.g., castration, nutrition, stressors, animal weight, and age). Castration of bulls markedly increases deposition of IMF, resulting in improved beef quality. Here, we present a comparative gene expression approach between bulls and steers. Transcriptomic and proteomic studies have demonstrated that the combined effects of increases in lipogenesis, fatty acid uptake, and fatty acid esterification and decreased lipolysis are associated with increased IMF deposition in the LM. Several peripheral tissues (LM, adipose tissues, and the liver) are involved in lipid metabolism. Therefore, understanding the significance of the tissue network in lipid metabolism is important. Here, we demonstrate that lipid metabolism in LM tissues is crucial for IMF deposition, whereas lipid metabolism in the liver plays only a minor role. Metabolism of body fat and IMF deposition in bovine species has similarities with these processes in metabolic diseases, such as obesity in humans and rodents. Extensive studies on metabolic diseases using epigenome modification (DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA), microbial metagenomics, and metabolomics have been performed in humans and rodents, and new findings have been reported using these technologies. The importance of applying 'omics' fields (epigenomics, metagenomics, and metabolomics) to the study of IMF deposition in cattle is described. New information on the molecular mechanisms of IMF deposition may be used to design nutritional or genetic methods to manipulate IMF deposition and to modify fatty acid composition in beef cattle. Applying nutrigenomics could maximize the expression of genetic potential of economically important traits (e.g., marbling) in animals.</P>
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Jeong, J.,Bong, J.,Kim, G. D.,Joo, S. T.,Lee, H.-J.,Baik, M. American Society of Animal Science 2013 Journal of animal science Vol.91 No.10
<P>Castration increases intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition, improving beef quality in cattle. The present study was performed to determine the global transcriptome changes following castration of bulls and to identify genes associated with IMF deposition in the longissimus dorsi (LM) of Korean cattle. A customized bovine CombiMatrix oligonucleotide microarray was constructed, and transcriptome changes following castration were determined by microarray hybridization. Transcriptome comparison between bulls and steers indicated that 428 of 8,407 genes were differentially expressed in the LM by greater than two fold (<I>P</I> < 0.05). Gene expression profiling indicated alterations in several pathways, including adipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (OP), following castration. Castration upregulated transcription of adipogenic <I>perilipin 2</I> (<I>PLIN2</I>) and <I>visfatin</I>, lipogenic <I>fatty acid synthase</I>, fatty acid esterification <I>1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 5,</I> and many fatty acid oxidation–related genes. Many TCA cycle and OP genes were also transcriptionally upregulated. Correlation analysis indicated that the IMF content in the LM was highly correlated with mRNA levels of <I>PLIN2</I> (<I>r</I> = 0.70, <I>P</I> < 0.001), <I>adenosine triphosphatase</I> (<I>ATPase</I>), <I>H</I><SUP><I>+</I></SUP><I>-transporting, lysosomal 42 kDa, V1 subunit C1</I> (<I>ATP6V1C1</I>: <I>r</I> = 0.66, <I>P</I> < 0.001), and <I>cytochrome c oxidase assembly homolog 11</I> (<I>COX11</I>: <I>r</I> = 0.72, <I>P</I> < 0.001) genes in a pooled animal group of steers plus bulls, and significant correlations in the steer-alone group were maintained in the 3 genes, <I>PLIN2</I> (<I>r</I> = 0.47, <I>P</I> < 0.05), <I>ATP6V1C1</I> (<I>r</I> = 0.50, <I>P</I> < 0.05), and <I>COX11</I> (<I>r</I> = 0.60, <I>P</I> < 0.01). In conclusion, our study provided evidence that castration shifts transcription of lipid metabolism genes, favoring IMF deposition by increasing adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and triglyceride synthesis. This study also indicated that castration increases transcription of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and subsequent energy production (TCA and OP genes). Our microarray analysis provided novel information that castration alters the transcriptome associated with lipid/energy metabolism, favoring IMF deposition in the LM.</P>
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Immune modulation effect of porcine placenta extracts in weaned the pig
Lee, K. H.,Park, Hyun Jung,Seo, H. G.,Kim, J. H.,Lim, G. S.,Lee, W. Y.,Kim, N. H.,Kim, J. H.,Lee, J. H.,Jung, H. S.,Sung, S. H.,Song, H. American Society of Animal Science 2013 Journal of animal science Vol.91 No.5
<P>In a previous study, we established a collection of appropriate porcine placental extracts using PBS at 80°C (PE-PBS80) as a food supplement to increase immune activities in a mice model. In this study, piglets were treated with 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% PE-PBS80 for 3 wk after weaning. Experiments were performed at 2 separate farms using 2 different pig varieties. Composition of white blood cells, lymphocyte activation, and cytokine concentrations were analyzed to assess the immune modulation effect. In Exp. 1, the number of white blood cells increased significantly in the PE-PBS80 treatment and T- and B-cell activation increased as well (<I>P</I> < 0.01). Interestingly, piglets in all treatments in Exp. 2 were naturally infected by a rotavirus at the third day of the experiment but recovered after d 10. Increased lymphocyte activation was observed in the PE-PBS80 treatment (<I>P</I> < 0.01) regardless of viral infection. Additionally, unlike in Exp. 1, the percentage of granulocytes and concentrations of interferon-γ, IL-1β, and IgG increased in the PE-PBS80 treatment (<I>P</I> < 0.01) and were more active in the 0.3% PE-PBS80 treatment compared with the control and the other treatment. In conclusion, 0.3% PE-PBS80 treatment modulated immune activities in antigen-infected piglets. Therefore, the PE-PBS80 pig placental extract, particularly the 0.3% supplement to the normal diet, could be useful as an alternative feed supplement to modulate immune activity during the early piglet period.</P>
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Zhang, Z. F.,Kim, I. H. American Society of Animal Science 2013 Journal of Animal Science Vol.91 No.10
<P>This 6-wk study was conducted to determine the effects of probiotic (<I>Enterococcus faecium</I> DSM 7134) supplementation of different energy and nutrient density diets on performance, egg quality, excreta microflora, excreta noxious gas emission, and serum cholesterol concentrations in laying hens. A total of 432 Hy-Line brown layers (40 wk old) were allotted into 4 dietary treatments with 2 levels of probiotic supplementation (0 or 0.01%) and 2 levels of energy (2,700 or 2,800 kcal ME/kg) and nutrient density. Weekly feed intake, egg quality, and daily egg production were determined. Eighteen layers per treatment (2 layers/replication) were bled to determine serum cholesterol concentrations at wk 3 and 6. Excreta microbial shedding of <I>Lactobacillus</I>, <I>Escherichia coli</I>, and <I>Salmonella</I> and noxious gas emission were determined at the end of the experiment. Hens fed the high-energy and high-nutrient-density diets had less (<I>P</I> < 0.01) ADFI than those fed the low-energy and low-nutrient-density diets throughout the experimental period. During wk 4 to 6 and overall, hens fed the diets supplemented with the probiotic had greater (<I>P</I> < 0.01) egg production, egg weight, and eggshell thickness than hens fed the diets without the probiotic. Dietary supplementation of the probiotic increased (<I>P</I> = 0.01) excreta <I>Lactobacillus</I> counts and decreased (<I>P</I> = 0.02) <I>Escherichia coli</I> counts compared with hens fed the diets without the probiotic. The excreta ammonia emission was decreased (<I>P</I> = 0.02) in hens fed the probiotic diets compared with hens fed the diets without the probiotic. Serum total cholesterol concentration was decreased (<I>P</I> < 0.01) by feeding hens with the probiotic at wk 3 and 6. Layers fed the probiotic-incorporated diets had greater (<I>P</I> < 0.01) high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and lower (<I>P</I> = 0.03) low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations than hens fed the nonsupplemented diets at wk 6. Interactive effects (<I>P</I> < 0.05) of energy and nutrient density and the probiotic on excreta <I>Lactobacillus</I> counts and serum HDL cholesterol concentration were observed at wk 6. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 0.01% probiotic improved egg production and egg quality and decreased excreta ammonia emission. The use of a probiotic in the high-energy and high-nutrient-density diets may be more favorable than the low-energy and low-nutrient-density diets in laying hens.</P>
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Cellular regulation of bovine intramuscular adipose tissue development and composition.
Smith, S B,Kawachi, H,Choi, C B,Choi, C W,Wu, G,Sawyer, J E American Society of Animal Science [etc.] 2009 Journal of Animal Science Vol.87 No.14
<P>It is well documented that grain feeding stimulates adipogenesis in beef cattle, whereas pasture feeding depresses the development of adipose tissues, including intramuscular (i.m.) adipose tissue. Additionally, production practices that depress adipocyte differentiation also limit the synthesis of MUFA. Marbling scores and MUFA increase in parallel suggesting that stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) gene expression is closely associated with and necessary for marbling adipocyte differentiation. Similarly, marbling scores and fatty acid indices of SCD activity are depressed in response to dietary vitamin A restriction. In bovine preadipocytes, vitamins A and D both decrease glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, an index of adipocyte differentiation, whereas incubation of bovine preadipocytes with l-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate increases GPDH activity. Exposing bovine preadipocytes to zinc also stimulates adipogenesis, putatively by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production. However, incubation of bovine preadipocytes with arginine, a biological precursor of NO, strongly promotes differentiation in concert with increased SCD expression. This suggests that the effect of either arginine or zinc on adipogenesis is independent of NO synthesis in bovine preadipocytes. Enhanced expression of SCD is associated with a greater accumulation of MUFA both in bovine preadipocyte cultures and during development in growing steers. In bovine preadipocytes, trans-10, cis-12 CLA strongly depresses adipocyte differentiation and SCD gene expression, thereby reducing MUFA concentrations. The bovine preadipocyte culture studies suggest that any production practice that elevates vitamins A or D or trans-10, cis-12 CLA in bovine adipose tissue will reduce i.m. adipose tissue development. Conversely, supplementation with vitamin C or zinc may promote the development of i.m. adipose tissue.</P>
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Liu, Y.,Song, M.,Che, T. M.,Bravo, D.,Maddox, C. W.,Pettigrew, J. E. American Society of Animal Science 2014 Journal of Animal Science Vol.92 No.8
<P>This study was conducted to characterize the effects of feeding 3 plant extracts on gene expression in ileal mucosa of weaned pigs. Weaned pigs (<I>n</I> = 32, 6.3 ± 0.2 kg BW, and 21 d old) were housed in individual pens for 9 d and fed 4 different diets: a nursery basal diet as control diet, basal diet supplemented with 10 mg/kg of capsicum oleoresin, garlic botanical, or turmeric oleoresin. Results reported elsewhere showed that the plant extracts reduced diarrhea and increased growth rate of weaning pigs. Total RNA (4 pigs/treatment) was extracted from ileal mucosa of pigs at d 9. Double-stranded cDNA was amplified, labeled, and further hybridized to the microarray. Microarray data were analyzed in R using packages from the Bioconductor project. Differential gene expression was tested by fitting a mixed linear model equivalent to ANOVA using the limma package. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted by DAVID Bioinformatics Resources. Three pairwise comparisons were used to compare each plant extract diet with the control diet. Quantitative real time PCR was applied to verify the mRNA expression detected by microarray. Compared with the control diet, feeding capsicum oleoresin altered (<I>P</I> < 0.05) the expression of 490 genes (280 up, 210 down), and feeding garlic botanical altered (<I>P</I> < 0.05) the expression of 64 genes (33 up, 31 down), while feeding turmeric oleoresin altered (<I>P</I> < 0.05) the expression of 327 genes (232 up, 95 down). Compared with the control diet, feeding capsicum oleoresin and turmeric oleoresin increased [Expression Analysis Systematic Explorer (<I>EASE</I>) < 0.05] the expression of genes related to integrity of membranes and tight junctions, indicating enhanced gut mucosa health, but decreased (<I>EASE</I> < 0.05) the cell cycle pathway. Feeding each of the 3 plant extracts enhanced (<I>EASE</I> < 0.05) the expression of genes associated with immune responses, indicating that feeding these plant extracts may stimulate the immune responses of pigs in the normal conditions. In conclusion, plant extracts regulated the expression of genes in ileal mucosa of pigs, perhaps providing benefits by enhancing the gut mucosa health and stimulating the immune system.</P>
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