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全昌祚 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1981 硏究報告 Vol.5 No.1
1) The environment once contaminated or disrupted can not be easily restored by the power of self-purification of nature, and it costs too much expenses and time to recover to the original state by means of humans' technical skills. So the most suitable method of preserving environment is to prevent beforehand the environmental pollution or disruption. Recently many countries show the prominant tendency that their environmental administrations are converting to the pre-protection of pollution from the post control of environmental disruption. In Korea also the environmental administration is moving toward the environmental preservation policy based on the prio-prevention of pollution, with the improvement of the environmental legal system as the enactment of "The Environment Preservation Act" followed by the nulification of "the Pollution Protection Act." 2) The most effective and essential system in administration for the prevention of pollution is the system of the environmental impact assessment, which is adopted by the article 5 of our environment preservation act. The existing system of EIA is seemed to be influenced in its legislation by the similiar system of U.S.A (NEPA). But the adoption of this system resulted in a formal and unsubstantial one with immaturity and imperfection through the process of enactment of this system which aimed at specialization of the system so to meet the actual circumstances of our country. 3) Our EIA system is legislated so as to meet the development administration of semi-advanced country as Korea. 4) In Korea EIS is not a requisite requested in licenses or permits for proposed action but a necessary document for the consultation with the chief of Environment Agency. But the chief of EA, the opponent party of consultation is no more than a affiliated agency of the ministry of helth and society. So the procedure of consultation is apt to be only a process to satisfy the procedural condition in order to proceed the decided project of government or regional public bodies. Abovementioned incliation shows the need of elevation of the status and strengthening the rights of the Environment Agency. At the same time the request of consultation to the chief of EA should be amended as request for licenses or permits in order to get practical effect in the procedure of EIA. 5) As the objective of EIS lies in finding the most reasonable method which has less narmful effects on the environment, the introduction of alternative is indispensable in prepaying EIS. It is stipulated in article 4·2 of the enforcement ordinance of the Environment Preserving Act that the chief of EA can claim 'adjustment' or 'amendment' agains: the request of agreement of administrative agency planning the development project. But it is not likely that the claim of adjustment or amendment of the chief of EA can discharge the substitive role of alternatives. The system of alternatives must be adopted at least in the regulation of EIS which is now under drafting by EA. 6. Existing EIA system does not adopt the system of citizen participation, that shows one of backwardness of our EIA system. Nowadays the system of citizen participation, has become very important one in the democratic administration. Therefore it is against the democratic administration that informational participation is not allowed to the citizen who is now admitted as a subject of the environmental right. But the citizen participation often brings about the delay of development works and unnecessary friction between citizens and administrative agency concerned. So the seems inevitable that existing EIA system should take conservative attitude against citizen participation especially in Korea where most development projects are planned and practiced by government. It is desirable that the first stage of citizen participation such as offer of information and presentation of opinion at least should be admitted. 7. The concerned provisions about EIA system are too simple and abstract, but there is no sign of positive supplement and amendment on the side of government. 8. In addition, we have less experience of working and no accumulation of technics of EIA. It is general demand that the regulation of EIS now under drafting be early made public. 9. After all special law about EIA should be stipulated in order to attain effective EIA system. Since every systems are to be operated by human, the solution of problems caused by the adoption of EIA system also depend upon the conversion of consciousness toward the development based on the priority of environment.
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정광조 大田大學校 環境問題硏究所 1996 환경문제연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.-
환경영향평가제도가 법적 근거를 갖고 도입된 것은 우리의 경제수준이나 환경정책의 수준으로 보아 비교적 빠른 것이었다. 이에 따라 제도의 본질에 대한 사회적 인식이 높지 않은 상태에서 도입 운영되었으므로 본래의 취지가 충분히 구현되지 못하고 장식적 수준을 넘지 못하고 있고 각종 탈법사례들이 벌어지고 있는 현상은 어쩌면 당연한 현상인지도 모른다. 그러나 이미 전 세계적 차원에 걸쳐 환경보존에 관한 합의가 이루어져 가고 있는 상황하에서 개발논리만을 앞세우는 국가발전 정책은 더 이상 허용되지 않는다. 1972년 스톨홀름회의에서 <Only One Earth>가 선언된 이래 1982년 나이로비에서 지속 가능한 개발에 대한 개념이 정립된 후에 1992년 리우회의에서는 ESSD가 회의의 중심테마가 되는 등 이제 환경보존은 「상호적 의무」에서 「보편적 의무」가 되었고 환경에 대한 책임은 「결과의 의무」뿐만 아니라 「실시/방법의 의무」, 「특정사태 발생의 방지의무」까지 확대되어 가고 있다. 이렇듯 환경문제의 국제화가 가속되어가고 환경기준의 상향조정이 불가피해져 가는 추세에서 환경영향평가제도의 조기도입은 시대의 흐름에 맞는 바람직한 조치였다. 이러한 선각자적인 환경영향평가제도가 원래의 취지가 제대로 구현될 수 있도록 사회 인식도를 제고 시키고 이를 지켜 나갈 수 있도록 제도적 보완에 힘써야 할 것이다.
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강석호 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1992 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1
한국의 경제는 1970년 이후 급속히 성장하였고, 그 결과로 에너지 소비와 환경오염도 크게 증가하였다. 에너지 사용으로 인한 대기환경오염은 한국의 국내문제일 뿐만 아닐 전세계적인 문제가 되기 때문에, 이 논문에서는 에너지 사용으로 인한 환경오염을 연과시켜서 관찰하였다. 먼저 한국의 에너지 소비추세를 과거의 통계자료로부터 고찰하였고, 에너지공급과 환경오염의 장래상황을 전망하면서 SO₂, TSP 및 CO₂의 국지적 환경보전방안과 국제적 협조방안에 대한 기술적 과제들을 제안하였다. Korean economy has been prospering since 1970, consequently the energy consumption has increased much and the environment has been polluted severely. As its atmospheric environment, which is not of a regional interest but of a global one, has been rapidly polluted, the impacts of energy use on environmental pollution must be thoroughly reconsidered. In this article, the past trends of energy uses in Korea is reviewed with the statistical informations already published and the future prospects of the energy supply and the environmental perspectives are discussed with emphasis of the pollutants including the global warning effects of carbon dioxide gas, about which some international cooperations needed are suggested.
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