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민간지원수단 ODA(Official Development Assistance) 계상 방법과 KOICA에의 함의
고요한 ( Yohan Ko ) 한국국제협력단 ODA도서관 2023 국제개발협력 Vol.2023 No.2
The Official Development Assistance (ODA) reporting methodology for Private Sector Instruments (PSIs) was recently finalized. It includes criteria for the ODA eligibility assessment of PSI vehicles, a number of safeguards to ensure the ODA eligibility of individual PSI activities, and a methodology for PSI loans, mezzanines, equities, and guarantees to be accounted for as ODA. To report PSI ODA, a PSI vehicle must first pass the ODA eligibility assessment process. Donors must then report both the grant equivalents and cash flows for individual PSI transfers from the PSI vehicle to the recipient country's private sector, as well as the intra-governmental transfers. To ensure the integrity of PSI ODA data, the quality of additionality information for individual PSI activities will be subject to special scrutiny, with mechanisms to reduce ODA amounts, if necessary. Institutional and instrumental approaches will remain in place. However, a lock-in period will be applied for switching between the two methods. ODA amounts for PSI loans, mezzanines, equities, and guarantees will be reported on a grant equivalents basis, and the discount rate for calculating grant equivalents will be differentiated by instrument, with higher discount rates for instruments with a greater risk of default. New codes in the “Co- operation modality” and “Type of flows” reporting field have been established for the classification of the PSI data. “PSI flag” and “Additionality type” reporting fields have been refined. There is consensus regarding the need to publish a biennial PSI ODA data analysis report and to collaborate with other OECD working groups to prevent the overstatement of ODA for certain instruments. With this finalization of the PSI ODA reporting methodology, it is expected that the amount of PSI ODA reported by donor countries will continue to increase. For KOICA, which does not deal with non-grant instruments, reporting PSI ODA may not be an area of interest. However, KOICA may consider providing capital to PSI vehicles as a way of expanding its business area, responding to its growing ODA budget. If so, KOICA will need to be prepared in advance by developing guidelines for additionality assessment, establishing a system for reporting individual PSI activities and familiarizing itself with the PSI ODA reporting methodology.