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朴宗烈 춘천교육대학교 민족교육연구소 1981 민족교육연구 Vol.2 No.-
In the modern history of China, the Opium War in 1840 was a shock that had a great significance, which was impelled from the Western Countries. Under such an inevitable circumstance the bureaucracy and the intelligentsia of the Ching Dynasty were divided into two parts in seeking out the counter measure. The powerful courtiers of the Manchuria and the Ching Dynasty, had a flexible point of view against opium, insisted on the conservative realism to maintain the contemporary state. Meanwhile the Sunnam Shisa the group of the chinese intelligentsia, had the strict opinion prohibiting opium to innovate the contemporary state of the society. In the result, the Opium War was anticipated, ignited and carried out by the strict opium prohibitors, and their opinion was handed down to the descendants. Considering their role, this paper sought out the background of the opium problem and the thoughts of the two different opinions. Laying emphasis on the background of the thought of Kong Yang Hak of the Sunnam Shisa in the late Ching era, this paper studied through the Opium War the two clearly opposite aspects of learning, thought and race between the Chinese bureaucracy and the Manchuria and the Ching burearcracy. This paper conjectured that the chinese intelligentsia were conscious of, in their thoughts, a nationalism which they could not express under the circumstance of the strict prohibition of learning.