學校經營 自律化와 敎師 職務滿足에 관한 硏究

민대기 水原大學校 産業經營大學院 1998 국내석사

학교 조직은 교육 목적을 달성하기 위하여 교사와 학생이 상호작용하는 교육활동의 장이다. 여기서 교육활동은 고도의 전문적인 지식과 기술을 지닌 교사가 주체가 되어 주도적으로 추진된다. 따라서 학습자의 학습 성과를 결정하는 다양하고 복합적인 변인들 속에서 교사 변인이 교육 성과에 미치는 영향이 어느 정도인지 확실치는 않지만 교육활동을 실제로 주도하는 역할을 수행한다는 점을 감안하여 볼 때, 교사의 여러 특성들이 교육성과에 미치는 영향이 지대하다는 것은 의심할 여지가 없다. 이러한 이유에서 '학교 교육의 성패는 교사에게 달려 있다.' 또는 '교육의 질은 교사의 질을 능가할 수 없다.'고 하여 학교교육에서 교사의 역할의 중요성이 강조되어 왔다. 교사가 자기에게 부여된 역할을 얼마나 성실히 수행하느냐의 문제는 교사가 자기의 직무에 얼마나 만족하고 있느냐라는 문제가 될 수 있다. 그러므로 교사의 직무 만족 여부는 교육의 성과를 가늠하는 중요한 변인이요 척도가 될 수 있다. 지금까지 학교경영 자율화와 교사 직무만족에 대한 연구들은 학교경영 자율화에 대한 실태분석이 주류를 이루었고 학교경영 자율화와 교사 직무 만족과의 상관성 관계를 규명하지는 못했다. 따라서 본 연구자는 학교경영 자율화와 교사의 직무만족에 대한 교사의 지각 정도를 분석하고 이들간에 어떤 상호관계가 있는가를 규명하는 작업이 절실히 요구되고 있다는 판단하에 그 필요성을 인식하고 본 연구에 착수하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 학교경영 자율화와 교사 직무만족에 대한 교사의 지각 정도를 분석하고 학교경영 자율화와 교사의 직무만족간의 상관관계를 고찰함으로써 학교경영 효율화를 위한 준거 자료를 제공하는데 있다. 본 연구의 범위는 경기도내 중학교 10개교를 중심으로 하였기 때문에 지역적인 성격을 가지고 있으며, 연구에 사용한 도구는 질문지법 (questionnaire) 중의 평정 척도(rating scale)를 사용하였기 때문에 이것이 갖는 여러 특성적 제한점을 갖는다. 본 연구의 결과, 전반적으로 학교경영의 자율화에 대한 요인들에 대한 교사들의 평가는 자율화정도가 약간 높은편이며, 직무만족에 대해서는 전체적으로 낮은편인 것으로 나타났다. 인구학적 변인 중 학급규모별로 학교경영의 자율화와 교사의 직무만족 요인에 대해 차이가 있었다. 그 중에서도 16-20학급규모의 학교교사들의 학교경영의 자율화와 교사의 직무만족요인에 대한 평가가 가장 낮았으며, 이것은 16-20학급규모의 학교에서 근무하는 교사들이 자신이 근무하는 학교의 경영이 자율적이지 못한편이라고 생각하고 있음을 의미하며, 직무에 대해서도 불만족하고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 학교경영 자율화에 있어서는 가장 평가가 낮은 요인인 학교의 자율성과 상부와 의사소통의 합리성을 16-20학급 규모의 학교를 중심으로 평가를 높이기 위해 학교의 특성에 맞는 교육과정을 운영하고 학습운영에 필요한 조직을 독자적으로 수립할 수 있는 능력을 길러주어야 할 것이다. 다음으로 교사의 직무만족도가 낮은 요인인 "학부모의 태도", "교사에 대한 지원 및 평가", "수업 및 업무 지원" 등의 만족도를 높이기 위해 노력해야 할 것이다. 특히 교사들이 자신의 직무를 충실하게 이행하기 위한 여건 마련으로 학부모의 교사에 대한 신뢰와 자발적인 협조 등을 얻기 위한 노력이 요구되며, 수업 및 업무에 대한 부담감을 줄이고, 필요한 시설 및 비품 등에 대한 충분한 지원과 확충이 16-20학급 규모의 학교를 중심으로 마련되어야 할 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구의 결과를 기초로 하여 본 연구자는 다음과 같은 제언을 한다. 학교경영의 자율화에 대한 평가를 높이기 위해서는 "교사에 대한 지원 및 평가"에 해당되는 우호적이며 발전적인 장학지도와 공정한 근무평정, 승진과 교사의 발전을 위한 혜택 등에 대한 만족도를 높여야 할 것이다. 또한 교사의 교수활동에 편리한 시설 및 적절한 교육자료와 비품공급, 교육과정의 균형있는 운영 등을 포함하는 "교육시설 및 운영"에 대한 만족도를 높이기 위해 노력해야 할 것이다. 교사의 직무 만족도를 높이기 위해서는 "교사의 학교경영 참여"에 해당되는 인사 및 예산 운영 등의 문제에 있어서 교사의 의견을 수렴하고 적극적으로 반영하며, 교사를 존중하는 배려가 요구된다. The matter of how much the teacher sincerely performs his given roles at school may be the matter how much the teacher satisfics with its duties. Since therefore, whether the duty measure to aim at the outcome of education. Up to the present the studies on autonomization in school management and duty satisfaction have been made stream by status analysis of autonomization in the school management however, it could not examine the correlationship between autonomization in school management and teachers' duty satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provice an authoritatice data for efficieny in schol management by giving consideration to the correlationship between the autonomization in school management and duty satisfation by teachers upon analysis of perceprion by teachers to its duty satisfaction as well as autonomization in school management. Under this study I conducted bibliographical research primarily by collection of data and secondarily the practical research. I adopted the ANOVA analytical method using F statistic volume under this study. As a result of this study the teachers' evaluation on factors of autonomization in school management in general the autonomization extent was higher a little and indicated that the duty satisfaction was low in general. There was difference about the factor on autonomization in school managenment and duty satisfaction by teachers by the class size among the variables of population science. Among those the evaluation on factors of school management autonomization & theachers' duty satisfaction by school teachers with 16-20 classes size were indicated the lowest and this means that the teachers who work with school of 16-20 classrooms size think of the school management to which themselves belong is not autonomous and that means they are not satisfied by the duties as well. In the autonomization of school management, to operate curriculum meet with the school features and has to reat the ability may indupendently establish the necessary organzation for learning operation in order to enhance the ealuation mainly for the school with 16-20 classes size for the rationality in communication of will with the highter echelon as well as the school's autonomy which is the lowest evaluation. By the next, an efforts shall be paid to enhance the satisfaction for "attitude of students parents", "support & evaluation to teachers" satisfaction is low. Especially, the endeavors to obtain credit and voluntary cooperation to the teachers by students parents are required by providing circurnstance to faithrully perform their duties by teachers and considered to be provided by a school with 16~20 classes size with sufficient support and expansion to the necessary facility and furniture by reducing sense of burden to teaching and affairs.

초등학교 아동 및 학부모가 기대하는 학급경영 참여에 관한 연구 : 의정부지역 초등학교를 중심으로

허은신 수원대학교 경영대학원 2004 국내석사

The purpose of this study was to provide teachers with a new paradigm and basic data on class management in elementary school to apply those efficiently to their class management by reviewing literature on class management and by surveying questions on children and parents participation in class management in elementary school. The questionnaires in this study were distributed 250 5th, 6th grade children and 250 their parents in S public elementary schools in Uijeonbu City and 237 questionnaires of children and 183 questionnaires of parents were collected and analyzed with SPSSWIN 11.0. Besides, t-test was conducted to measure the significance level in gender, grade, parents' educational course, living level and working parents, and the difference between children and parents in the aspects of learning instruction, student activity instruction, extracurricular activities and environment facilities. The findings of this study were as follows: First, the children and parent participation in class management in elementary school is one of the most efficient systems easily and quickly adjusting to the change of education environment and creating the change because the children and the parents can participate in making decision in class management as the demander and self-decision maker. Second, the general tendency in children participation said the highest aspect for children to express their opinion was environment facilities gained 2.78 points, and the next aspect was extracurricular activities gained 2.71 points, learning instruction gained 2.69 points, and student activity instruction gained 2.67 points in order. Third, the general tendency in parent participation said the highest aspect for parent to express their opinion was student activity instruction gained 2.43 points, and the next aspect was extracurricular activities gained 2.29 points, learning instruction gained 2.13 points, and environment facilities gained 2.13 points in order. Fourth, the difference between children and parent participation in the tendency in class management in elementary school was that children had more positive attitude to express their opinions and gained the higher points than their parents in every areas in the class management. The findings suggest that on making decisions in class management, teachers should provide children or parents with the more participation chance in the areas gained high point than in the others in the class management.

藥局 經營의 多角化 戰略에 관한 실증적 硏究

윤효문 水原大學校 産業經營大學院 1994 국내석사

Pharmacists are experts for drug affairs. Drug affairs are defined, in a broad sense, as all acivities relative with manufacturing, compounding, identifying, importing and exporting for drugs and drug-related materials specified in the Durg Affairs Law. This means pharmacists are esperts not only for drugs proper but also for drug-related materials. In this conection, health-related items are belonging to the category of items regarded in the Law. Nevertheless, these items have not been accepted well to the pharmacists due to their short turnover period, uncontrollable pricing disorder, lacking willgness to accept, etc.So it is natural that the main sales routes of these items are under the hands of other people than pharmacists, the experts-which is sure to be acted as weak points in the aspect of people's health. The aim of this study is to analyze pharmacist's attitute to the health-related items (health-aid foods) and suggest ideal method of dealing with the items. For this puropoes, two approach ways were used: literatary review and questionaire analysis. In the first place, pharmacists responding to the questionaires thought that health-aid foods are not all-mighty drugs (panacea) as claimed by lay people. Pharmacological and ather medicochemical knowledge is very important for their proper usage. In this regard, these items should be dealt by pharmacists. On the other hand, 63.7% of pharmacists were satisfied with their occupation but only 15.8% thought optimistically about the prospect of pharmacy management. Practising pharmacists regarded highly on familiy, repsonsiblity, and self-confidence. 70.7% of responding pharmacists dealt with extra medical items whereas 14.9% handled health-aid foods. Ratio agaist total sales turnover were as low as 12% for extramedical items and 8% for health-aid foods. Mean of total net resting days were 45 days per year and mean duty hours per day were 13 hours. These figures suggest that pharmacists were working in more unfavorable condition: much shorter resting days compared to averge 70 days for ather jobs and much loger duty hours per day compare to average 8 hours for other jobs. Based on these figures, pharmacists worked more by 1,872 hours on yearly basis. Ratio of pharmacist's participation in the Phamacist Society were 90.1% of which passive participation was 44.8% and active participation was 27.8%. On average, pharmacists had not much free time so their service for the community were like 'participation in the servise groups', 'help to poor neighbours', 'reading books', watching movies'. More active service to the community and more emphasis on their own health promotion have to be emphasized. Pharmacists studied for 8 hours per week in order to promote their expertise. They invested 91,901 won per month for these purposes. For practical purpose, 33 items of health-aid foods were selected and asked whether pharmacists were handling and would handle in the future. 14.29% are dealing with at the present and 21.6% hope to handle. As regards extra medical items of 14 item, pharmacists dealing now were 70.7% and those hope to deal were 9.0%, Names of health-aid food in high dealing were in the following order: squalene, aloe, ginseng and bamboo-salt. Item to be handled in the futuer were in the order of E.P.A., aloe, royal jelly, beer yeast and wheatgerm oil. As to the extra medical items, most of pharmacists were handling now but items to be handled in the future were dental items, oral deordrant, sanitary cleanser, cosmetics, health promoting devices, life-care items, in the descending order. Main resons for pharmacists to deaf with drug-realted items were cosumer protection against the exagerate P.R, raison d'etre for pharmacist to deal in itself, aids to therapeutics. people's health enhancement, service to consumer, and aid the pharmacy management. Major reasons for pharmacists not to deal with above items were uncofortable sales activity, uncertain safety and efficacy, no after-service, lacking pharmacological background, inferior sales technique, difficult to select items, possible uncontrolled sales situation. In order to overcome the obstacles imposed on the dealing, the correct scientific information, the inventroy management, the preventive aspect, the good dealing condition, the display in separate corner were considered. Criteria to purchase health-aid foods were this qualiy and efficay, the scientific information, the net profit, the after-service, the company image, and the package. Pharmacists wanted that manufacturing company should consider about the supply of scientific and managing information. The strict quality control, another packaging product, thorough after-service, wild-sales prevention, regulation of overstated P.R. At any rate, pharmacists are thinking about health-related items very positively but they are acting very conservatively. Pharmacists thought the future would not be bright for themselves. So new and basic way of thinking are very urgently needed for paving the way for the profession of pharmacist. In this regard, management diversification is the top priority outlet for the pharmacists. For the detailed stratergy, pharmacists requested to the manufacturing companies of the package differentiation exlusive for pharmacists, high-profit, sufficient supply for scientific information, guide for sales technique, and consult how to display. They also wanted pharmaceutical Association erect an appropriate research institute which studies on the pharmacy management diversification for supporting actively to pharmacists concerned. The factors responsible for unfavorable recent pharmacy management were surveyed in the folowing order: high competition from too many pharmacies, overall economic slump, high clinic use rate from medical insurance system, old-fashoined consiousness of pharmacists and high overhead costs. The factor of sluggish phamacy sitation by consumers side were easy clinic visit due to medical insurance system, high standard of living, low confidence in pharmacist. Future patterns of pharmacy are anticipated as drug prescription pharmacy, oriental medicine prescription pharmacy, total health care pharmacy, OTC pharmacy, convenience drug store, chain drug store, health aid foods handling drug store.

초등학교 교사의 직무 스트레스와 대처방안에 관한 연구 : 경기남부(광주, 하남, 이천)초등학교를 중심으로

정은자 수원대학교 경영대학원 2004 국내석사

본 연구는 초등학교 교사들이 학교생활과 직무수행 과정에서 느끼고 경험하는 스트레스의 지각수준을 알아보고, 대처 방법을 모색하여 활기 있고 능률적인 교육현장 분위기 조성에 기여함을 목적으로 하며 연구의 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교사 직무 스트레스 지각수준은 어떠한가? 둘째, 교사 배경 변인별 요인 및 학교 변인별 요인에 따른 교사 직무 스트레스 지각수준은 어떠한가? 셋째, 교사 직무 스트레스에 대한 교사 개개인의 스트레스 대처방법은 어떠한가? 본 연구를 위한 도구는 초등학교 교사들의 직무스트레스 지각수준에 대한 9개 영역 30개 문항과 스트레스 대처방법에 3개 영역 20개 문항을 Likert식 5단계 평정척도로 제작 사용하였으며, 신뢰도는 Cronbach α계수 각 영역 .6236에서 .8733사이를 얻었다. 연구의 대상은 경기 남부지역(광주군, 하남시, 이천시)초등학교 교사 307명이었다. 통계처리는 SPSS통계 프로그램에 의해 기술통계와 t검증과 F검증을 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 남녀 교사의 성별에 따라 생활지도, 교원인사, 조직원과의 관계영역에서 의미 있는 차이를 보여주고 있다. 둘째, 교사와 보직교사의 직위별 집단에서는 평교사가 학교경영 참여영역에서 의미 있는 차이의 스트레스를 보여주고 있는데 이는 평교사가 보직교사보다 학교경영 참여 기회 부족과 건의 사항이 제대로 전달되지 않는데 대한 불만요인으로 보인다. 셋째, 경력별 · 연령별 집단에서는 10년 미만인 교사, 20-29세 사이의 교사가 교수활동, 학급경영, 사무처리, 학교경영 참여 영역에 매우 의미 있는 차이를 보여주고 있음은 젊은 교사들의 스트레스 지각 수준을 낮추기 위한 배려와 대책이 요구된다. 넷째, 50학급 이상의 대규모 학교의 교사들은 연수활동, 사무처리, 학교경영 영역에서 매우 의미 있는 차이의 높은 스트레스를 느끼고 있음을 알 수 있다. 다섯째, 교사들이 스트레스를 받았을 때 대처 방법으로 진취적으로 적극 대처하는 통제방법보다 무사 안일한 회피방법을 더 사용함을 알 수 있다. 여섯째, 교사활동 영역에서 스트레스 지각 수준이 높은 영역은 학급경영영역, 생활지도 영역, 학부모와의 관계영역, 교수활동 영역 순으로 나타났으며 이는 학급당 인원이 과다하여 생활지도가 어렵고 지역의 여건상 자녀에 대한 무관심, 교사의 낮은 지위와 주당 수업시간의 과다가 주요 스트레스 요인으로 나타났음을 알 수 있다. 이상의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 다음과 같이 제언하고자 한다. 초등학교 교사의 직무 스트레스를 감소시키기 위해서는 주당수업 시간의 경감과 교수학습 자료의 확충, 학급당 인원의 감소로 정상적인 교육과정이 운영되어야 하며 불합리한 승진제도, 근무평정의 비공정성등 인사를 위한 제도적 개선 이루어져야 하며 교무분장의 공평성과 연수의 내용 및 방법을 개선하여 다양한 연수기회를 제공하며 적극적인 재정적 지원이 필요하다. 학부모와의 관계영역에서 지역사회에서 교원의 지위의 경시 풍토, 성적에 대한 기대, 학부모의 무관심에서 오는 스트레스를 해결하기 위해서는 학부형은 교사를 신뢰하며 지역사회에서도 교원의 지위가 우대되어 교원에게 힘을 실어 줌으로서 교원으로서의 자긍심과 소신을 갖고 학생을 지도할 수 있을 것이며, 학부모 교육 참여 기회의 확대와 연수를 통한 교육에 대한 이해 증진과 지역사회와의 긴밀한 유대관계로 스트레스를 감소시키려는 노력이 필요하다. 또, 학교 경영의 참여 기회를 확대하고 근무 여건 개선과 복지 향상에 노력하여 교사들의 직무 만족도를 높여 심리적 안정유지에 최선을 다하는 정책적 배려가 요구되며 교사들도 스트레스를 무시하거나 피하지 않고 적극 대처하는 자신의 스트레스 관리를 통하여 바람직한 교육 풍토 속에 교육성과가 이루어지도록 노력해야 한다. The purpose of this study was to examine how much elementary school teachers found themselves to be under pressure at school and during job performance and how they responded to that in a bid to help create a more energetic and efficient school climate. The research questions were posed as below: 1. To what extent do teachers consider themselves to face pressure? 2. What differences do their background variables and school variables make to their job stress? 3. In which way do individual teachers handle their job stress? The questionnaire used in this study was prepared by this researcher on five-point Likert scale with 30 items about nine job stress areas and 20 items about three coping behavior areas. When its Cronbach α was calculated, it turned out to range from .6236 to .8733. The subjects in this study were 307 elementary school teachers from south Gyeonggi province including Gwangju-gun, Hanam-si and Icheon-si. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS program, and descriptive statistics, t-test and F-test were employed. The findings of the study were as follows: First, their job stress about guidance, personnel administration and interpersonal relations was significantly different according to their gender. Second, by position, school management involvement put significant strain on the lay teachers, which indicated that they were more displeased than the teachers of position since they didn't have enough chances to be involved with school management and their recommendations weren't allowed for. Third, by career and age, the teachers whose career didn't reach 10 years or who were in their 20s faced more pressure because of teaching activities, classroom management, work handling and involvement in school administration. How to get rid of their stress should carefully be studied. Fourth, the teachers from larger schools with 50 or more classes were much more significantly stressed out about training courses, work handling and school management. Fifth, as for their coping behavior, avoidance was more prevalent than progressive or active coping. Sixth, classroom management was considered to put the most strain on them, followed by guidance, relationship with parents and teaching activities. They found it difficult to provide successful guidance on account of oversized class, and the fact local circumstances made it difficult for parents to pay attention to their children also contributed to intensifying their stress. Another major stressors were their poor social standing and excessive teaching load. Based on the above-mentioned findings, there are some suggestions: To alleviate their job stress, the school curricula should be applied properly by reducing their weekly teaching load, preparing more teaching/learning materials and cutting down on class size. The irrational promotion system and unfair efficient rating should be corrected, and it's required to ensure impartial job division and improve training courses to offer a wide variety of training opportunities and broader financial aids. As to relationship with parents, teachers and parents should team up with in providing better education, and relevant training courses should be prepared to enhance their mutual understanding. And they also should create close ties with local community to relieve their own stress caused by social climate of disregarding teachers and indifference on the side of parents. And they should be allowed to take more part in school management, and their working conditions and welfare programs should be improved to assist them to be more satisfied with their job and dedicated to education in a more stable manner. Finally, they should handle their own stress more actively without overlooking or avoiding it to create a more ideal school climate and provide better education.

초등학교 학급경영계획에 관한 연구

백현주 수원대학교 경영대학원 2005 국내석사

The object of the present study is to suggest a direction for the establishment of class management plans, by setting the process of elementary school class management plans and analyzing the actual status of elementary school class management plan establishment based on the criterion prepared through the above process. The issues established in order to achieve the object of the present study are as follows: 1. What should be the process of elementary school class management planning? 2. In view of the established process, what is the actual status of class management plans presently being followed by each school? 3. What is a desirable direction for the establishment of class management plans? In order to clarify the above problems of study, a review of literature, investigation and study were performed simultaneously. In reviewing the literature, the process of class management planning was established by analyzing compositional elements of the content of class management and process, etc. from a theoretical point of view. As well, 12 class management books were evaluated according to the analysis criteria for investigation and study, and frequency was processed statistically in terms of percentage after studying the method of class management plan establishment, matters of concern, etc. through a structured interview of 20 persons (including class teachers, principal, assistant principal, and professional staff). The conclusions obtained through the above process are as follows: 1. The results of the analysis of procedures or processes for the establishment of class management plans, as suggested by many scholars, showed that the compositional elements and procedures for the establishment of plans did not conform to each other. Also, there was a lack of compositional elements in terms of the content of plans, and they did not conform to the actual order of established plans. Therefore, it would be desirable to set a process of class management planning that involves four steps: the basic investigation - establishment of goals and policy - action plans - evaluation plans. This may be accomplished by synthesizing the previous processes and procedures of class management plans, and reflecting the actual status of preparation as based on the model of school management plans which is the upper system. 2. The conclusion according to the actual outcome of analysis is as follows, as related to each step of the basic investigation - establishment of goals and policy - action plans - evaluation plans of the process of class management planning: First, in the procedure of basic investigation, the goals of school education were well reflected but the goals of school year were not well. The actual status of classes reflected faithfully the investigation of the home environment, however it was shown that the degree of reflection for requests from the district society and parents of students was low. In terms of the basic investigation, the goals and policy of school education and school years, which are the upper sources of classes, should be understood and reflected accurately. Also, as to the actual status of classes, an investigation of the home environment and the real classroom situation should be performed, and requests from the district society and parents of students should be investigated in various ways (such as questionnaire, interview, etc.) and reflected in the plans. Second, in respect to the establishment of goals and policy, it was shown that the degree of establishment for the goals of class education was low, although the view, goals, policy, etc. of class management were set faithfully. The degree of reflection of the intent of students was also low when establishing the policy. Therefore, before setting the goals of class management, the goals of class education should be set and a method to reflect the intent of students to a maximum should be examined when setting policy. Third, the plans for class activities were established in relative good faith according to each area. However, it was shown that the degree of establishment was low in relation to plans from children's meetings and parental organizations in terms of the overall class organization plan. Plans for curricular management and life guidance were established faithfully, and plans for specific class activities and environmental management were greatly reflected in other activity schedules. When establishing the plans for class activities, feedback from children's meeting organizations, activity division organizations and parental organizations should be established concretely, and the tables of class hours, number of classes, yearly progress, weekly learning activity plan, extra-curricula activities operation plan and discretionary activity operation plan should be included in the curricular management plan. In respect to the life guidance plan, it is necessary to implement a process of determining regulations, procedures, promises, etc. by consulting with students whenever the goals and policy are set and yearly life guidance plans are established. Class specific activity plans, class environmental management plans, class affair administration plans, etc. are included in other activity plans. And when establishing plans in each area, they should be decided with an eye to preserving the attributes of self-control and creativity of classes. Fourth, it was shown that the degree of establishment for evaluation plans was low among the entire process of class management plans, among which the input evaluation plan was shown to be neglected. In the evaluation planning step, it would be desirable to establish plans that include all the input, procedural, and output evaluation plans. 3. Based on the above, the direction of establishment for class management plans is suggested as follows: First, plans may be established systematically and readily by using the process of class management planning. And it would be desirable to establish plans by reflecting the special properties and creativity of classes in each process of planning, while avoiding standardized and formal plans although they may be based on such a general system. Second, for a successful class management, the opinions of parents and students should be collected and reflected to the maximum, and such individuals should be allowed to participate in the process of planning. When establishing class management plans, the areas and methods of reflection in regard to the intent of students and parents should be encouraged.

한국 골프경영의 합리적인 개선방향에 관한 연구 : 골프장사업 조세제도를 중심으로

김지환 水原大學校 産業經營大學院 1998 국내석사

With having increasingly more and more leisure, we know that the number of people who enjoy golfing is getting sharply increased since 1980. We must not let golf remain permanent as a sports for high class of our society. instead, we have to solidify the positive role of golf as a form which contributes to the development of sports culture and as a kind of sports which ordinary people can enjoy. In order to introduce the phenomenon above into right direction towards the development of our country, we ought to ask the government to phase out a series of ruthless regulations that squeeze golf industry, at the same time, we need to do self-rescue effort to survive on the basis of prescriptions: readjustment, amendment, supplement, and financial support. In terms of construction of golf courses, we can maximize ground efficiency and productivity as well, taking advantage of barren soil. The development could lead to growth of a land value and forming of commercial district. The construction of golf ground would provide a lot of opportunities for job-setters and many small and medium companies that are in charge of materials, guarding, equipment, landscape architecture, and so forth, the authorities concerned needs to use greenbelt zone, the dry river, and the public land and then, supply quick-golf grounds and public golf course, teaming up with several ministries of government such as the ministry of construction and transportation, the ministry of culture and tourism, the ministry of environment, and the ministry of finance and economy. In constructing small and cheap golf courses and public golf grounds, those concerned have to seek the method to get tax privileges and reinforce persistent public relations. The golf industry has an enormous influence on national economy. A survey that analyzed derivative effect of the golf industry, sampling 92 golf clubs which introduced membership in 1997 shows that the amount of money which was directly contributed to rational economy reached to 700 billion won that is 1% of 70 trillion won, or one-year budget. If we add the value of public golf links, newly-made golf courses and golf-related companies, the site of golf industry would be much bigger and bigger. The number of foreigners who visited local golf courses last year came to 128,229 up by 4,000 in 1996 and the expense they spent in golfing reached to more than 10 billion won. What a worthy industry it is. Golf club can be called a sort of company which invests huge capitals valued at 50 billion won. With the government trying to expediate small and medium-sized companies and subsidzing venture companies, the golf industry seems to be remote from government's support, even though the industry can make a huge unount of profits like other industries. Strictly speaking, the industry is with in the range of venture industry and promising small companies which suffer a lack of money. If we think of sharp growth of golfig population and international trends, we would come to conclusion that we should capitalize on the industry. Under the circumstances that supply is very short comparing with demand and policies of golf industry are not coherent, we can't expect that the industry would gradually develop consistently. At this point, if we put together and prepare a solid foundation of development of the industry, we could mace the golf a sports that can be helpful to the status of our country and could use the golf industry as a resource to attract foreign tourists as relics of our nation. We have to be out to petition for backing policy, convincing the government that the industry is not inferior to venture companies and lucrative small companies. As a part of supporting, we are asking not for any special advantages but for back-up tantamount to taxation and financial support any other sports are benefiting from. The authorities must build a mechanism to strengthen the industry rather than imposing a barrage of restrictions. Golf is no langer a sports which is consumption-oriented. As the golf industry has been amended as training facilities, it is considerate that acquisition tax and registration tax that are imposed on established corporate body should be excluded from the category of taxes on luxuries. It is desirable that composite land tax should be lowered to the extend of 2 percent, or commercial land tax and property tax of 5% should down to 0.3% it is clear that current double taxation system must be gradually switched to flexible one which is distinguished from taxation system on luxuries ; golf courses are far cry from casinos, turkish, baths, and high-class bars. In particular, it is unfair that the government imposes acquisition tax seven and a half times as much as general tax and composite land tax and property tax 17 times as much as general other taxes in terms of luxurious facilities. Although it is impossible that golf site can be converted to the land for other purposes, annually land price of announcement is getting higher and higher and stiff credit controls inhibit borrowing money on the security. What I mentioned above should be revised. The concept that golfing is a luxurious property was introduced in 1973 when only a minority of people played golf and capita GNP was low. However, it is undesirable that the golf industry has been classified into a extravagant one at a time of 2.5 million golfing population. It is time that the golf industry took root as a general type of business and gave lots of chance for average people to enjoy golfing with low admission fee, overcoming the burden that the government put in that real estate speculation and excessive consumption must be rooted out. What's the most urgent things is that the realization of impartial taxation and building the taxation justice should precede. We have to recognize that, as a part of forming consensus, the sports, golf has been healthful to our mind and body and helpful to realizing social and cultural value as well as national economy. Finally, we have to raise prominent world-class golf players as many as possible and aggrandize public relations to contribute to nation's unity.

經營者 品性과 勞使間의 關係 改善에 관한 硏究

김병섭 水原大學校 産業經營大學院 1998 국내석사

The goal of this research paper is to take a triangula positon for stable relations between labor and capital and to present new image. That it is compared the relations between labor and capital by the characteristics of demography of the members of korean small and medium enterprise with manager's nature. The subject of survey is the some company of the business group including 300 members among korena small and medium enterprise in An-Yang city. The collected data is made an analysis of SPSS(Statistical Package For School Science). The data analysis is used for Frequency, T-test, ANOVA and Regression, this is analyzed factors of the characteristics of demography, the special quality of circumstances at enterprise and effects on relations between labor and capital of manager's nature. Men have more characteristics of demography than women among members of small and medium enterprise, active generations less than 30 years old and peoples in 3∼10 years of continuous service including more 10years that means stability for the circumstances of enterprise. It is estimated that is limited activities of a labor union which is not included 88% as members of the trade-union. The preference in company is identified that they have goodwill with each others but don't answer of their superiors. The preference of the characteristics of demography have no differences in sex, ages, years of continuous service and religions but have details according to the residential shape. The concerns in company have no differences but the sense of value of job have to the years of service. Understanding of the manager and the relations between labor and capital is analyzed that have more high concerns in women, older than 30 years people and members of servicemen more than 3 years. Also it is showed that people of catholic and unbeliever, having a private residence and a having a contract to rent a house with deposit have an influences. In the views of labor union and managers, peoples who recognize the cooperation and hopes in relations between labor and capital have goodwill, others are not. The degrees of managers character upon relations between labor and capital have more influences except peoples having a consideration. Also the conciousness of the manager, value of job, thought of relations between labor and capital manager's characters have more influences in 2 items of human nature except 1 item of peoples having a consideration. In conclusion the crisis between labor and capital have a relations with eachother and the lsoss of the morality of management connects directly with success or failure.

초등학교 관리자의 학교 경영에 관한 연구

김광년 수원대학교 산업경영대학원 1999 국내석사

This study is draw out theory and the current surroundings of school management, and the problems of director of school management and that search improvement. This methods of study is desirable to involved, analysed, synthesized theory and the current surroundings of school management through the change of school and education. The theory of desirable schools and education is depend on treatise search, the improvement subject of current schools and education is described actual Proof in basis of experience working top-teacher,teacher With the study result, the development subject of school management is following, First, director have required the most readership Urgent subject is the readership of director with the harmony and autonomous among teachers. Second, education surroundings and efficient source is utillized. The current problems of school surroundings as such over-students of per class, the miscellaneous problems among teachers etc. is abundant. Third, oulr teachers exert us strength to character, self-fraise and self-development. Fourth, propose decision of school organization with the rationality is rational and democratic in basis of mutual understandings and co-operation thereself. School management is true of propose decision in sof of realm assuch establised plan, estimated result, school management branch,mediated wtlke etc. Fifth, what is co-operated among teachers and take part in school management trouble must be control and minimum. With the control and minimum, president and vice-president are increase less vertical or balanced propose pass than democratic readership. Sixth, When scholarship receiver is think of teacher, the maximunl of scholarship is institute of more education scholarship system through specialty democratization, surrounding faithfulness that co-understanding,co-operation and make out among president, vice president teachers etc. with activity. Seventh, democratic school management take pont in parent of students and resident etc. with propose decision. We practice school employment committee. This direction of study as following, First, whin we change desirable school management, the change of education administrator and teacher is advanced by promlotioner. That is education administrator and teacher be need of the change of inside value and behaviour, the positive behaviour of the futurism through the more guility education curriculum. Second, school management be in effect, resources open, Bropose pass, co-operation, intellect at the same time competition, obstruct, restriction, criterion, other then pay back order accordingly it's difficult that desirable school management is restrict, obstruct.

기업의 인사관리 개선방향에 관한 연구

임신애 수원대학교 산업경영대학원 1999 국내석사

기업에서의 인사관리는 기업 활동의 성패를 좌우하는 중요한 활동이다. 기업의 모든 활동은 인간의 활동을 통해 이루어진다. 아무리 현대 경영활동의 내용이 분업화되고 기술혁신에 의해 노동력이 기계적 생산의 부분적인 지위로 전락되었다 할지라도 경영목표를 달성하기 위해서는 자본을 운영하고 신제품을 개발하는 생산원동력인 인간이 기업활동에 가장 중요한 요소이나 기업에서 인적관리를 경시하는 경향이 있다. 따라서 기업체의 효율적인 인사관리 운영에 문제가 되는 요소와 저해요인을 규병하여 문제점에 대한 해결방안을 제시 기업에 종사하는 인간관계 개선에 기여하는데 목적을 두고 연구 추진하게 되었다. 본 연구를 위해 경기도내 산재되어 있는 언론기관, 통신기업, 건설업체 및 기타업체에서 종사하는 이사직 18명과 사무직 145명, 생산직 64명, 총 227명을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 조사하였다. 조사내용은 ①직원채용 및 정원관리 ②직무수행 ③인간관계 ④노사문제 ⑤보상관리 ⑥사내교육 ⑦인사고과와 승진 ⑧복지후생 ⑨인사관리의 효율화 등 총 9개 영역에 40개 문항의 설문내용을 조사하여 인사관리의 문제점을 도출 논의하여 기업체의 효율적인 인사관리의 개선방향을 제시하였다. 본 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. · 기업체에서 직원 채용시 직무분석을 통해 채용기준을 설정 직원채용위원회를 조직 운영하도록 한다. · 법정 근무시간을 이행토록 하며 초과근무시 초과근무수당을 지급한다. 사원들의 사기를 높이기 위해 보수를 적절히 인상하고 후생복지시설을 잘 갖추며 종업원들의 개인적 고충을 상담키 위해 인사 상담요원을 상주시킨다. 기업체에서 지급하는 보수체제의 합리성, 퇴직금의 산출방법을 내규에 명시하며 종업원 자녀의 장학금 지원 등으로 노사간의 갈등을 극소화 시켜야 한다. 사내 훈련을 통해 신상품 개발, 기술과 경영혁신이 생산성 향상에 크게 기여함을 인식 사원교육에 만전을 기해야 한다. 사원들의 승진은 근무성적 기록과 인사고과를 기초로 하여 평가결과에 의해 반영되어야 사원들의 신뢰를 얻을 수 있다. 노사간 대립과 갈등 해결을 위해 노사 조정위원회를 설치 운영 인사관리에서 중요시 하여야 할 사항은 보수, 복지후생, 인간관계 개선, 생산성 향상, 연구개발비의 투자, 회사수익의 일부를 주식으로 배분하여 노사 갈등을 해결토록 한다. Conflict is an inevitable state in any kind of organization. It has been regards as destructive, dangerous and harmful to produce better performance for organization. But In recent years, these kinds of view have been changed. That is, if properly handled, conflict can promote work performance and gives the people of consists sense of challenge and satisfaction. But if conflicts was managed carelessly, it could bring serious problems to the organization. On the other hand, conflict increases destructive competition and prevent from accomplishing better performance. Therefore, In the conflict issues, Leaders becomes important factor that have to be carefully considered. This represents the view of interavtionists in the conflict issues. Ruble and Tomas, Tomas and Kilmans conflict resolution methods were strengthened and implemented. In addition, detail, mitigation, conflict resolution guidelines and have established the following hypothesis. The abstract of this treatise Personnel management of a business plays an importhat part in the success of failure of its activity. All of the business activity is carried out by human activities. Although modem administration activities are specialized and labor force is reduced to a part of mechanical production by means of technological renovation, management of human resources in a business activity is a very essential element. For it is human beings that are the driving forces of operating capital, and developing and producing new products to achieve the goal of administration. Nevertheless, business, as a matter of fact, tend to neglect management of human resources. So the object of this study is to examine closely factors that impede efficient operation of personnel management in the enterprise, and then to present solution alternatives for the problems and contribute to improvement of human relationship in class engaged in businesses. To achieve the goal of this study, we examined total of 227 persons through questionnaire. They are composed of 18 directors, 145 white-collars and 64 blue-collars. They are engaged in the press, communication companies, construction companies and other business companies in Gyeong Gi Province. The contents of this research are made up of as the following: ①employment and management of personnel ②duty performance ③human relationships ④the problems between labor and management ⑤pay system ⑥in-house training ⑦merit rating and promotion ⑧health and welfare ⑨efficiency of personnel management, etc. As mentioned above, we first examined total of 40 items in nine areas, secondly found and debated the problems of personnel management, and thirdly presented the directions toward improvement of efficient personnel management in businesses. To sum up, the result of this study is like the following: Businesses establish employment standard of personnel employment through a job analysis, and arganize and run personnel employment committee. Businesses make employees abide by legal working hours and pay allowance for overtime work when they serve overtime. Businesses appropriately raise a pay and equip welfare facilities for stirring up the morale of employees and reside a consultant in the firm to counsel private difficulties of employees. Businesses clarify in company bylaws, the rationality of a pay system, and the calculation method of a retirement grants, and minimize a conflict between labor and management by a scholarship aid for employees children. Businesses also recognize that development of new products and renovation of technology and administration through in-house training, contribute greatly to the rise of productivity, and make assurance doubly secure education for employees. Personnel promotion have to reflect assessment and result on the basis of service record and merit rating. Only if it is that way, employees can trust it. Also labor-management mediation committee is set up for solving confrontations and conflicts between labor and management. The important things in personnel management are reward, health and welfare, improvement of human relationships, the rise of productivity, investment in research and development, and share-distribution of certain part in company carvings. Through those, businesses have to settle a conflict between labor and management.

文化財 周邊 景觀 高度規制에 關한 硏究 : 水原 華城을 中心으로

최호운 水原大學校 産業經營大學院 2000 국내석사

Suwon Hwasong Fortress was decided as international cultural heritage in the 21st UNESCO General Assembly held in Napoli, Italy on 4th December, 1997. It can be seen as a result that the fortress which is almost keeping its original form, value of 'Trigram of Hwasong Sacred Precincts' in which the process, method and volume of construction of the fortress are recorded, and the beauty of Hwasong and related surroundings (Suwon's famous eight sceneries) are recognized. Since the Hwasong fortress was built in 1794 (the 8th year under Jungjo's rule), currently about 200 years have passed, and there have been large changes not only in the inside of the fortress, but also in the surrounding areas. While being a colony of Japan, cultural properties were damaged intentionally (example : Hwasong Hengkung was destroyed and a provincial hospital and Sinpung primary school were established), and there were losses (Changryong Gate and Jangan Gate were damaged) during the Korean war. After the 1960s, gravitation of the population has been accelerated together with high growth of economy, and quantitative development to accommodate this has been brought to the fore. For development of areas around Hwasong, there have been processed development concentrating on constructing high-rise buildings ignoring traditional factors and qualitative aspects, and troublesome development disregarding developmental philosophy. Especially, gigantism of Mass which is formed by concentration of high-rise buildings constructed using new materials and new technologies, and each large scale buildings are making Suwon Hwasong fortress to look comparatively undersized and damaging the landscape. In this point, landscape techniques to preserve distinguished landscape objects are being sought. In case of Suwon Hwasong fortress which is a sample case of this study, the fortress of 5-6m is connecting the ridge of Paldal Mountain and the outer block of the downtown. Therefore, the important object of this study is to find a landscape height control method in Hwasong area to maintain good landscape of Hwasong fortress and cultural properties. As applicative methods for landscape height control around cultural properties, it can be preferred an objective height control method to control building heights to be lower than those of important cultural properties, or landscape line control method to protect sight corridor to preserve important landscape factors and to control landscape height to be under a line connecting viewpoint and landscape. Actually the introduction of landscape height control method being a case of Suwon Hwasong fortress, was considered in two aspects of external and internal landscape line control. The external distant landscape line control method was applied as a method to maintain protection of distant landscape of Paldal Mountain from certain viewpoints (Dongamgakru, Bongdon, Changryung Gate, Banghwasuryujung, jangan Gate) along the roads of Suwon Hwasong fortress. This is the landscape height control method by establishing landscape control line to control building heights under 61% of the height of Paldal Mountain (based on main road of Paldal mountain). The internal distant landscape line control method applies to Paldal Gate and Jangan Gate. In case that there is any building around cultural properties, landscape lines of important landscape factors are controlled internally. In this case, it is applied that a maintenance of good landscape by D/H analysis which deals with changes of correlative visual effects of distance (D) and height (H) between observer and object, is effective. This study place more weight on securing good landscape by having historical landscape as objects. Regarding building height control around cultural properties. this is showing a method to control landscape height by controlling distant landscape line and to secure space for better landscape by D/H analysis. To maintain historical landscape and to secure good landscape in the downtown of Hwasong city, it has been sought a try to minimize negative effects of forming landscape by uniformly controlling volume according to the existent Urban Planning Act. At the same time, it has a importance by making clear the necessity of rationally readjusting and establishing sphere of control by subdividing the number of layers. It is been tried to find a method which can contribute to enhancement of good landscape which maintains a balance between development and preservation by strengthening landscape characteristics of Hwasong fortress and cultural properties, and showing landscape height control method in the downtown of Hwasong city being in harmony with Paldal Mountain which is important natural landscape factor. Key words : landscape height control, distant landscape line control, D/H analysis the downtown of Hwasong, Suwon Hwasung fortress