英語敎育測定 : 서울大學校 語學硏究所作成 英語學力標準化檢査의 結果報告

서울大學校 語學硏究所 서울대학교 어학연구소 1965 言語敎育 Vol.1 No.1

Two Types of Inchoatives in Korean

Kyumin Kim 서울대학교 언어교육원 (구 서울대학교 어학연구소) 2009 語學硏究 Vol.45 No.2

The paper analyzes two different types of inchoatives in Korean, the Iinchoative and the zero inchoative, by examining their interaction with adjunct phrases as well as their morphological differences. I argue that the two types of inchoatives are similar in that they have the same event head VINCHO. This syntactic similarity explains the compatibility of a cause phrase and the locution ‘by itself’ with the two inchoatives. The two inchoatives also present syntactic differences. I-inchoatives have a defective Voice head (as do passives) while zero inchoatives do not have one. This difference explains the grammaticality of instrument phrases in I-inchoatives but not in zero inchoatives. The presence of the Voice head in I-inchoatives but the absence of one in zero inchoatives also accounts for the morphological difference between the two inchoatives.

A Construction-Based Approach to Phrasal Adjuncts in Japanese

Tsujimura, Natsuko 서울대학교 언어교육원 (구 서울대학교 어학연구소) 2009 語學硏究 Vol.45 No.1

The adverbial phrases consisting of NP-o NP-ni in Japanese exhibit a set of properties that are not apparent from each of the elements comprising them. There is no source for the Accusative Case and the constituents cannot be scrambled internal to the phrase. Furthermore, the phrase has a general meaning that provides the circumstantial background for the event described by the main clause. This article presents a construction-based approach to the adverbial phrases which recognizes them as a grammatical construction to which a set of unpredictable syntactic and semantic properties should be attributed.

Inverse-Linking Construction

Yoon-kyoung Joh 서울대학교 언어교육원 (구 서울대학교 어학연구소) 2008 語學硏究 Vol.44 No.2

This paper treats the inverse scope reading of the Inverse-Linking Construction under a new perspective that distributivity is reduced to plurality based on Landman (2000). The immediate advantage is that my analysis canexplain the inverse scope reading of the Inverse-Linking Construction that does not contain a universal quantifier, the data that previous approaches could not explain. Second, my analysis can account for why there is no inverse scope reading when the first NP in the Inverse-Linking Construction is definite, without missing the generalization that indefiniteness licenses distributivity. Third, my analysis is compositional throughout the process of producing the distributive reading, without reinterpreting the prepositional phrase that contains a quantifier phrase. In addition to putting forth the analysis, I further characterize the inverse scope reading as NP-internal, backward, and embedded distributivity.

Comparative Markedness and Induced Opacity

Dinnsen, Daniel A.,Gierut, Judith A.,Farris-Trimble, Ashley W. 서울대학교 언어교육원 (구 서울대학교 어학연구소) 2010 語學硏究 Vol.46 No.1

Results are reported from a descriptive and experimental study that was intended to evaluate comparative markedness (McCarthy 2002, 2003) as an amendment to optimality theory. Two children (aged 4;3 and 4;11) with strikingly similar, delayed phonologies presented with two independent, interacting error patterns of special interest, i.e., Deaffrication ([t□n] 'chin') and Consonant Harmony ([g□g] 'dog') in a feeding interaction ([kik] 'cheek'). Both children were enrolled in a counterbalanced treatment study employing a multiple base-line single-subject experimental design, which was intended to induce a grandfather effect in one case ([d□g] 'dog' and [kik] 'cheek') and a counterfeeding interaction in the other ([g□g] 'dog' and [tik] 'cheek'). The results were largely supportive of comparative markedness, although some anomalies were observed. The clinical implications of these results are also explored.

Iconicity and Variation in the Choice of Object Forms in Korean

Lee, Hanjung 서울대학교 언어교육원 (구 서울대학교 어학연구소) 2006 語學硏究 Vol.42 No.2

The naturalness with which case ellipsis occurs in certain environments in Korean has been attributed to the information status and markedness of arguments, although few studies have compared the two factors explicitly. Through experimentation, the present study demonstrates that both factors simultaneously and independently influence object case ellipsis. The present study also provides a possible explanation of why case-marked and caseellipsed objects are distributed the way they are by going beyond the mere descriptive level and looking at how the choice between the two variants is motivated by extra-linguistic, cognitive factors. In particular, we argue that the factors of focus, animacy, and definiteness can be linked to an iconic principle, which predicts the correlation between conceptual markedness and structural markedness. This general prediction is shown to be confirmed by the results of the experiment as well as corpus analyses.

[+Topic]-driven EPP Satisfaction in the Acquisition of English by Korean Speakers

So-Young Kim 서울대학교 언어교육원 (구 서울대학교 어학연구소) 2007 語學硏究 Vol.43 No.1

In the L2 English acquisition, those who originate from topic-prominent languages easily learn the EPP requirement (Yuan 1997). The present study tested the hypothesis that the EPP acquisition is facilitated by the L1 [+topic] feature. I administered grammaticality judgment tasks to 155 Korean EFL learners and 20 native English-speaking controls. Each test sentence included an NS (null subject) either with or without a topic, where an NS was either referential or expletive. The response choice was a 4-point rank scale, and data were analyzed using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests, followed by ScheffIJ post-hoc tests. Results showed that the learners had difficulties in detecting the ungrammaticality of an NS with a topic, while accurately rejecting an NS without a topic, regardless of whether NSs were referential or expletive. This suggests that the EPP was operative, but their EPP was overridden by the L1 [+topic]. I argue that the interlanguage phrase structure, F(unctional)P, is not V(erb)-related, suggesting that FP Spec is not necessarily ┍-assigned. FP involves a rule of predication, by which FP Spec should be filled to saturate a predicate, realized as the EPP. FP carries combined properties of TopP in the L1 and IP in the L2. FP Head is occupied by the P(eripheral)-feature [+topic] as in the L1. When the [+topic] feature is not operative, FP Spec is filled by an L2-like subject. FP Spec shows a continuum from purely L1-based topics, such as a spatiotemporal PP, to L2-oriented subjects, such as the expletive it.

Variation in the Korean Integration of English Word-Final /s/

Iverson, Gregory K.,Lee, Ahrong 서울대학교 언어교육원 (구 서울대학교 어학연구소) 2006 語學硏究 Vol.42 No.2

The adaptation of English word-final /s/ in words that are borrowed into Korean presents an interesting perceptual match-up inasmuch as Korean contrasts two types of voiceless fricatives, “lax” /s/ and “tense” /s’/, either of which, depending on context, may serve as the rendition of English /s/. Which of these is selected appears to correlate with the familiar durational difference between lax and tense consonants in Korean. In particular, S Kim (1999) showed that English words are borrowed consistently with tense /s’/ when the fricative is not in a cluster in the source language (where it is phonetically longer), whereas the result is lax /s/ when the fricative (phonetically shorter) does form part of a consonant cluster in the source language. Hypothesizing that Koreans are sensitive to this durational property, S Kim concluded that positional sub-phonemic length differences in the English fricative are apprehended directly by Korean listeners (and so presumably are contrastive in the language; cf. Iverson & A Lee 2006). Davis & M-H Cho (2006), on the other hand, maintain that the phonetic length correlation is not robust, noting specifically that S Kim was troubled by the adaptation of final clusters consisting of sonorant consonant plus /s/ (as in dance, false), which are rendered with the tense fricative despite being part of a source language cluster. Yet in a comprehensive acoustic study of English /s/ over a full range of environments, Klatt (1974) showed that while /s/ is shorter by 40% in clusters with stops (an [s] that Koreans adapt as lax), it is shorter by only 15% in clusters with sonorant consonants (an [s] which Koreans adapt as tense). Thus, it would appear that Koreans adapt instances of the English fricative following a sonorant as tense /s’/ because these are above the threshold of brevity that marks the non-tense obstruents in Korean, and in any case are appreciably longer than English [s] in an obstruent cluster (as first reported by A Lee (2006a); cf. A Lee (2006b) on adaptation of the stops in English s-clusters). The paper reports on a perception experiment further testing and supporting the hypothesis that phonetic length of the source fricative correlates directly with its adaptation as either lax or tense in Korean.

Notes on East Asian Argument Ellipsis

Mamoru Saito 서울대학교 언어교육원 (구 서울대학교 어학연구소) 2007 語學硏究 Vol.43 No.2

This paper presents further supporting evidence for argument ellipsis in East Asian languages, and explores its theoretical consequences. It is demonstrated in the first part that argument ellipsis is attested in a wide range of phenomena. This discussion leads to the examination of the precise characteristics of argument ellipsis. Then, adopting Oku’s (1998) LF copying analysis, the paper shows that DP argument ellipsis is possible only in languages without obligatory agreement. Finally, it is suggested that the same LF copying mechanism is responsible for radical pro-drop. The paper, thus, relates three major properties of East Asian languages; argument ellipsis, radical pro-drop, and the absence of overt agreement.

Identifying Linguistic Cues that Distinguish Text Types : A Comparison of First and Second Language Speakers

Scott A. Crossley,Max M. Louwerse,Danielle S. McNamara 서울대학교 언어교육원 (구 서울대학교 어학연구소) 2008 語學硏究 Vol.44 No.2

The authors examine the degree to which first (L1) and second language (L2) speakers of English are able to distinguish between simplified or authentic reading texts from L2 instructional books and whether L1 and L2 speakers differ in their ability to process linguistic cues related to this distinction. These human judgments are also compared to computational judgments which are based on indices inspired by cognitive theories of reading processing. Results demonstrate that both L1 and L2 speakers of English are able to identify linguistic cues within both text types, but only L1 speakers are able to successfully distinguish between simplified and authentic texts. In addition, the performance of a computational tool was comparable to that of human performance. These findings have important implications for second language text processing and readability as well as implications for material development for second language instruction.