僻地敎育 振興을 위한 基礎硏究 : 慶北 安東郡을 中心으로

한장덕 安東敎育大學 1975 論文集 Vol.8 No.1

(1) 僻地學校에 勤務하는 敎師는 女敎師와 鄕土出身의 敎師가 적고 旣婚敎師와 家族同居敎師가 많다. 女敎師의 不足으로 兒童들에게 女敎師의 敎育的 側面의 影響을 미칠수가 없으며 鄕土出身 敎師의 不足으로 地域社會開發面에서나 地域住民間의 원만한 關係 維持가 어려우며 昇進을 위해서 부임했다가 轉出하여 地域住民들로 하여금 信任을 얻기 어렵다. 旣婚敎師와 家族과 同居하는 敎師가 많은 것은 生活의 安定을 期할 수 있었다는 點에서 좋은 現狀이라 할 수 있겠다. (2) 年齡이 적은 新進層 敎師가 많으며 學校 行政家(校長, 校監)는 僻地學校 勤務를 特히 避하는 傾向이다. 敎育 經驗이 적은 新進層은 순수한 감각과 理想을 追求하는 精進, 兒童과의 接近性등 長點도 있지만 自然的 條件이 文化的 生活을 할 수 없을 뿐 아니라 複式學級의 經營, 그리고 地域住民과의 人間關係 造成面 등을 考慮할 때 보다 老鍊한 敎師의 配置가 要望되며 學校 行政家의 僻地學校 勤務意慾이 낮음에 따라서 全敎師에게 士氣를 擧揚하는데 微弱한 影響을 끼칠 것이 豫想될 뿐만 아니라 意慾的인 學校經驗이 되지 않을 것이 豫想된다. 그러므로 各種의 行政 硏究院에서 敎育者的 使命을 갖고 勤務에 臨할 수 있도록 敎育의 强化는 勿論이려니와 순환근무制의 年限을 간격을 두어 (例 2~5年 등) 學校 經營의 實績에 따라 혜택을 주어 熱誠的으로 學校 經營을 할 수 있는 外的 與件을 人事制度로 規定할 必要性이 있다. (3) 僻地學校 敎師들은 不便한 自然條件과 그들의 待遇 때문에 士氣가 低下되고 있다. 그러므로 最少한의 文化生活을 누릴 수 있도록 敎員 福祉施設의 完備와 其他 交通手段, 의료施設 등이 必要하다 特殊地 勤務手當도 지금은 (1975年度 7月 부터 逆及 支給) 引上 支給하고 있으나 都市 學校의 育成會費에서 支給되는 硏究手當과 差異가 없다고 말하고 있다. 이의 解決을 爲해서 우리 나라의 도서 벽지 교육 振興法에 規定하고 있는 諸 事項의 完全한 實施가 過敢하게 遂行되어야 하고 敎師들의 再敎育 課程에서 敎職觀 確立을 위한 敎育이 더욱 要望된다. (4) 僻地學校 勤務敎師들은 그들이 다시 職業을 擇할 경우에 農業, 商業, 銀行員 등을 希望하고 있으며 敎職을 擇하겠다는 敎師는 많지않다. 그러므로 自己 職業에 滿足하고 適應하여 그 職業을 伸張시키는 敎師像이 要求되고 있다. (5) 僻地의 住民敎育에 對하여 敎師들은 散在部落, 時間의 不足 등으로 因하여 積極的인 活動을 하지 못하고 있다. 가장 力點을 두어야할 僻地住民의 精神啓發 敎育이 잘 이루어 지지 않고 있다. 그러므로 앞으로 僻地勤務 敎師에 對한 特殊 硏修 敎育이 必要하며 그들의 事務量 등을 줄여 兒童敎育과 地域住民의 敎師에 이바지하도록 하여 學校가 그 地域社會의 center 役割을 담당할 수 있도록 해야 한다. (6) 僻地住民들은 敎育에 對한 認識의 不足으로 學校와 兒童에 對하여 無關心하며 學校와 地域社會 住民과의 유대 關係가 원만하지 않는 便이므로 敎師는 敎育의 理解를 도울 수 있는 方案(주부교실, 靑年敎室, 마을 사랑방 敎室, 移動 圖書館, 巡廻敎育 등)을 講究하여 實踐할 것이 要請된다. (7) 僻地學校에서는 學習資料의 確保가 어려우며 電氣가 없어 視聽覺的 기재를 活用할 수 없고 兒童들의 學習資料 準備(미술 도구, 습자도구 등)도 잘 되지 않아 學習效果에 지장이 있다. 그러므로 電化事業은 學校 所在地 優先으로 해야 하며 僻地學校의 運營費를 一般學校 보다 많이 策定하여 學用品의 一部 보조를 해 주는 것이 效果的이며 常用 소모품 또는 學級 用品 등이 充分하도록 考慮되어야 하겠다. (8) 僻地의 兒童들은 經濟的 與件과 上級學校의 所在地가 遠距離이므로 進學率이 낮으며 國民學校의 距離도 멀고 惡天侯時에 缺席해야 할 學生이 상당히 있다. <表 13> 이의 解決을 위하여 住民들이 스스로 道路의 整備 (교량 확장 등)를 할 수 있는 意慾고취를 위한 刺戟과 政府의 施策이 마련되어야 하며 小規模의 中學校 新設이 必要하다. (9) 僻地住民들의 生活觀에서 共同體 意識, 허레허식 排擊 우리 民族의 우월성 및 文化 愛着性이 强하고 自主的인 問題解決, 判斷 精神, 農業觀등이 희박하며 女子와 老年層이 우리가 바라는 바의 생활관이 희박 하므로 僻地 勤務敎師나 僻地開發을 위한 敎育擔當者는 上記한 領域과 對象에 特別한 留意를 하여 敎育에 臨하여야 하겠다.

安東地方 植物調査 報告書 : 安東댐流域의 植物相에 對한 硏究

권오용,오수영 安東敎育大學 1973 論文集 Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this research is to investigate the flora of Andong Gun(安東郡) region. The region falling within the Central Floral Zone of Korea is situated at 36°05'-36°49'N. and at 128°05'-128°58'E. In order to investigate the flora of Andong Gun region, plants were botanized from June to November 1971 and from March to November 1972. The materials which were collected in this research work are 25, 000 specimens and the results can be summarized as follows: 1) Through this floral investigation, 153 families, 411 genera, 641 species, 143 varieties, 16 subspecies and 13 formae or 813 kinds of vascular plants were collected. This amounts to some 19.4% of the 4,191 kinds of the whole plants in Korea (T. NAKAI, 1952). 2) T. Nakai pointed in 1952 that the total numbers of endemic plants of Korea are reported to be 1, 118 species. Among them 34 species are growing in Andong Gun region. 3) The 813 species growing in Andong Gun region are divided into 76 species of hygrophytes, 51 species of ligth-plants, 19 species of shade-plants, 16 species of hydrophytes, 19 species of naturalized plants and 3 species of parasitic plants. 4) Among 813 species, there are 304 species of edible plants, 189 species of medicinal plants, 59 species of ornamental plants, 23 species of poisonous plants, 13 species of dye plants, 13 species of fodder plants, 8 species of textile plants, 7 species of oil-manufacturing plants, 5 species of paper-manufacturing plants and 29 species of garden plants. 5) The abridged table of the plants of Andong Gun region recorded in the list is as follows: ◁표 참조▷ 원문을 참조하세요 6) The following 36 kinds indicate a change of flora known up to the present. 1) Hypodematium crenatum (FORSKARI) KUHN 2) Nuphar pumilum (TIMM) DC. 3) Nymphozanthus japonicus (DC.) FERNALD 4) Clematis mandshurica MAXIMOWICZ var. angusta NAKAI 5) Megaleranthis saniculifolia OHWI 6) Epimedium koreanum NAKAI 7) Erysimum cheiranthoides L. 8) Raphanus sativus L. var. raphanistroides (MAKING) MAKINO 9) Chelidonium vernale (MAXIMOWICZ) OHWI 10) Corydalis ambigua CHAMISSO ex SCHLECHTENDAL 11) Corydalis fumariaefolia MAXIMOWICZ 12) Mukdenia Rossii (OLIVER) KOIDZUMI var. typica NAKAI 13) Potentilla paradoxa NUTTAL 14) Rosa Maximowicziana REGEL var. pilosa NAKAI 15) Lathyrus quinquenervis (MIQUEL) LITVINOV 16) Polygala tenuifolia WILLDENOW 17) Viola ovato-oblonga (MIQUEL) MAKINO 18) Viola ovato-oblonga (MIQUEL) MAKINO f. pubescens (NAKAI) F. MAEKAWA 19) Viola variegata FISCHER ex DC. var. chinensis REGEL 20) Ammannia multiflora ROXBURGH 21) Myriophyllum verticillatum L. 22) Scutellaria pekinensis MAXIMOWICG var. transitra (MAKING) HARA 23) Stachys Riederi CHAMISSO var. intermedia (KUDO) KITAMURA 24) Teucrium brevispicum NAKAI 25) Melampyrum setaceum (MAXIMOWICZ) NAKAI 26) Veronica peregrina L. 27) Artemisia japonica THUNBERG var. mandshurica KOMAROV 28) Artemisia Siebersiana WILLDENOW 29) Aster pekinensis (HANCE) CHEN 30) Matricaria tetragonosperma (FR. SCHMIDT) HARA et KITAMURA 31) Senecio campestris DC. var, angustifolia NAKAI 32) Carex drymophila TURCZANINOW var. pilifera KUEKENTH,AL 33) Carex reventa KRECZETOVICZ 34) Fimbristylis Torresiana GAUDICHAUD-BEAUPRE 35) Arthraxon hispidus (THUNBERG) MAKINO var. typicus HONDA 36) Polygonatum Thunbergii MORREN et DECAISNE 7) The following two natural monuments were reconfirmed through this research work by the authors. No. 174. Picrasma quassioides (D. DON) BENNETT No. 175. Ginkgo biloba L.

여교사의 교직잔존 조건에 관한 연구

한장덕 安東敎育大學 1971 論文集 Vol.4 No.1

우리나라 여교사의 최근 5개년간의 연평균 증가율은 27%이고 퇴직율은 7%로 되어 많은 여교사의 증가와 상당수 교사의 퇴직을 알 수 있으며, 연령별로는 29~30세의 신진층 교사가 대부분(60%)을 차지하고 있으며 교장, 교감의 자격증 소지자는 0.9%이고 임명된 사람은 0.5%이다. 교직경력은 10년이하에 전 여교사의 80%가 속하고 있으므로 일반적으로 여성 본래의 특성으로 보아 교직은 여성의 직업으로 가장 알맞은 것이라고 생각되고 있으나 많은 여교사들이 혼인전에 일반적인 직업으로 생각하고 수년내에 교직을 이탈하게 되는 원인을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째로 여교사의 다원적 역할에서 오는 원인을 들 수 있다. 퇴직교사가 현직교사에 비해 조혼의 경향이 나타났으며 남편이 아내의 직업에 대한 지지가 적었다는 결과로 보아 여교사들이 혼인을 함으로써 어머니로써의 역할, 아내로서의 역할, 며느리로서의 역할, 교사로서의 역할, 사회인으로서의 역할등 여성의 다원적 역할이 퇴직의 일원인이 됨을 결론지울 수 있다. 이러한 원인의 제거를 위해서 급유실, 부부교사의 특혜, 임지배정에의 고려, 학년 담임의 적정, 사무 분담에의 배려등 대책이 수립되어야 하겠다. 둘째로 교직의 특수성의 이해 부족에 의한 원인을 들 수 있다. 퇴직교사가 현직교사에 비해 직업이 일반 노동직과 동일시하는 경향이 강한 것으로 보아 교직의 올바른 인식부족이 퇴직의 한 원인이 됨을 결론지울 수 있다. 이러한 원인의 제거를 위해서 국민학교 교사의 양성기관인 교육대학에서 재학생의 교육(Pre-service education)에나 현직교사의 재교육(In-service education)에서 교직이 인간의 정신생활을 대상으로 하고 있으며 미성숙자를 대상으로 여타 직업보다 봉사가 강조되는 직업인 동시에 국가, 민족, 사회진보에 지대한 역할을 담당하는 특수한 직업으로 일반 노동직과는 상이함을 인식시킬 수 있는 올바른 교직관의 확립을 위한 교육이 요청된다. 셋째로 교육의 비합리적 이해에 의한 요인을 들 수 있다. 교육이 지식의 전달이나 지식의 이해로 알고있는 교사 일수록 퇴직의 율이 높고 전인적인 인격형성이 교육이라고 생각하는 합리적 교육관을 가진 교사 일수록 잔존하는 율이 높다. 이러한 원인의 제거를 위해서 교사양성 기관에서는 교육은 인간이 인간의 노력에 의해서 타고난 소질을 가능한 한 전면적으로 발달시켜 보다 완전한 인간을 형성하여 개인적인 면으로는 그의 전능력을 발휘시켜 인간으로서 의미있고, 가치있는 생활을 하고 시민 또는 사회인으로서 그가 속해있는 사회(가정, 지역사회, 국가, 국제사회등) 내에서 각각의 능력, 흥미, 개성에 적합한 직업으로서 사회를 위해 봉사하고 그의 발전 향상을 도모하고 협력하여 사회생활을 문화적, 평화적으로 생활해 가도록 하는 작용(22)이라는 확고한 교육관 정립을 위한 교육이 필요하다. 넷째로 일반교사와 행정가들의 선입감에 의한 여교사 능력의 과소평가에 의한 원인을 들 수 있다. 퇴직교사들의 반응을 분석하면 남녀교사에 의한 성별 차별을 둔다는 항이 높고 현직교사는 반응이 낮은 것으로 보아 여교사는 능력이 적다는 주위사람들의 선입감이 퇴직의 한 유인이 됨을 추정할 수 있다. 이러한 요인의 제거를 위해서는 동료교사(남교사)들의 선입감의 배제와 행정가들의 교육행정면에 성별을 떠난 능력 위주의 인사행정이 이룩되어야 할 것이다.

敎育史潮의 潛在的 傾向에 對한 考察

김유원 安東敎育大學 1973 論文集 Vol.6 No.1

In prefatory remarks, I proposed that we should findout the unitary point of the trend of education which has been changed historically above all, and should apply it to the practical education for tranquilizing of the realm of Educational thought and the progress and development of educational culture and learning, it can besaid that the trend, of education contains the immovable truth, and has great affection to the practical education, and has deep significance to educational ideal, therefore I believe that we educators, must try to find out the latent trend of educational thought and to do the effort for restrainting at the lowest the confasion of the tought world and injury of the practical education. For the purpose, as I appointed in the study aim of this study, I think there is surely the opposing latency in the bottom of modern education, those may be the reason, we can appoint the opposing appearance between the individual education and the Social-centered education as the ist reason, Because individual is prescribed as the isolated independent being, the many appearance of noninterference appear that is, I think it can be said that individual is being at only the social relation on the premise that is called the social realism. When we can say that realism it self is only in the recognition world generalized inner appearance, both the indevidual and social are to keep the mutual relation of inseparability, that is, it just can be the common trend between the both. as the 1rd reason (charecter), I appinted the opposing trend between the practical valuecentered empiricism education and the idealism education Which aims the cultivation of absotute value the ideal, and the insist of the exceeding opposing axiology may contain the worry which disregards the ideal course to the experience it self, on the other hand. I can say that we, human being, should pursuit the Regal and urbild which we need absolutly for pursuiting the permanent unified educational ideology, at here, we can say that it is the great same question which experiences and ideal should have commonly how to realize the, ideal aspect which is contained in the opposing value which experiences it self have, and How to idealize the practical aspect in the absolute value which ideal it self has. If we try to outline the opposing appearances unifiedly from the higher observing as the latent trend of the educational thought like the above, we can appoint as below the ist point is that the negligence of the cultivation of human charecter which is one of unhealthy influences of modern education has happend the question against the education for making the useful people, and has required the characteristic unification. Which can complete the power of the characteristic influence which has the educational power with the life view for the achievement of the fixed educational ideal. The 2rd point is that the idea of education it self is prescribed the essence which tries to catch the meaning as the essencial type is, and the purpose of education is the phenomenological trend which is in the valuable consisting of human which is produced under the spiritual influence. the 3rd, lt is the fact that the trend of the cultural education which is seemed important the practical concrete and unified value which has the concrete universality and ideal actulity Keeping the relation between individual and social organically gives us the good instruction. for achieving the ideal of the people education of Korean as one unified outlined trend of the latest educational thought. as I told on above, each educational thought has one common point, therefore we should think how to treat or study to rarious appearances of thought which are changed according to the change of the time and social, and we should contrive how to settle the Korean education become to Korean. Now here, Before we find out the subject hood of it, we should unify and outline the merit from the various appearances, and should find out and establish the best cultivative ideal and the practical ideal of the hopeful people education for Korean. In other Words, it is the important thing that we have to esteblish the hard idea of nationalism and of Korean peaple for pursuiting the essencial point of the organic unification as Korean subjecthood, and hove to pursuit the spirit of co-oparation and protecting laws and service which is the essence of the cultivation of human nature of Knowledge, virture, body, technics which is one of the requirement of Korean nation. We have to percieve surely the peoples duty and responsibility for Korean nation and race, and emphasize the civil educational ideal which is the essence the people spirit which is able to practice, and at last, I should hope seriously to be help for pursuiting the essencial course of the best development of Korean education.

Horne의 학교교육의 사회화사상

김유원 安東敎育大學 1972 論文集 Vol.5 No.1

In the introductory of this research, as the educational efforts to solve the his historic problems faced today by our country, above all, lie in the individual development and good adaptation to democratic society, it is premised that we can bring up a more educated man, that is, a man with productive and creative personality who love his country and people with all his heart. Today, the socialization problem of education is prevailing in Korean eduaction policy, However, It's ture that we can't grasp the core from the concrete contents. In this study, the core problem for the socialization of school education is put on each child individually. In order to bring up a person more thoroughly socialized than our nation needs, Horne criticized Dewey's thought of reorganizing school life into an embryonic-community life, and emphasized the socialization of school education, Here are Horne's three features of modern school followed. 1. paida-centric education 2. education as socialization 3. education as the experience reorganization. First; the paida-centric education is guided for the human and national realization of ideals. Second; As the school education of today inclines to knowledge and skill neglecting children's social growth, it is guided so that children can not only extend their individualities bully but contribute them to their society with pleasure. Last; the two Short commings are disclosed in Dewey's theory of experience reorganization. One is the standard problem of experience reorganization, the other is the personal element in all educational experiences. He put stress on the fact that the growth of self-conscious personality is regarded as more serious than the experience reorganization in the human world Horne emphasized that children's social nature should be built up as a project for the socialization of school education, and that the cultivation of this nature should be on the basis of the realization of democratic ideals. He said that we should need social regulation to realize these ideals. It is worth thinking over His contention that school life is socialized Co-operatively for children to individually build social character.

설화(이야기) 문학과 국어교육

류증선 安東敎育大學 1968 論文集 Vol.1 No.1

The desire to pursue pleasure by telling a story is but natural to human nature, and especially children grow up dreaming by telling stories. In Korean texts of primary school, the materials of stories were composed of 33% in it. By the idea of aminism, the ancient person thought that the things had their lives and Ma¨rchen is the way of explaining theothings by science, philosophy and literature. The most basic theory about the Origin of mythology is Tylor's aminism. It is the basic idea of ancient religious faith and its outstanding idea is the worship of the sun. By the effect of utilitarian idea of Confucianism, Korean mythology is very scanty but is characterized by the oviparous mythology, for the foundation of Korea and the idea to worship mountains is especially characterized by the worship of the sun. To be the centre of Korean tradition is ethics and morality, and patriotism, and also is characterized by tradition of higher public service examination, keesaong-girl, supar human being, Taoist. , tiger and dragon, and so on. Fairy tale is moral talkes reproving vice and rewarding virtue and by the tradition of tiger and chinsen, the idea of divine sprits can be seen. The idea to depend upon God, Budist, Heaven and Sun grew stronger. In text, there are meterials of ethics and morals but there are materials for patriotism, science and industrials very few. The foreign meterials are composed of 44% in it and it is necessary to consider that the subjectivity of our nation should be promoted. From this point of view, Korean language of education is the way how to extend education of literature. It should be adapted for the fairy tale that a story which inspired children built up there personalities. In other words, it means the impression which was got from works gave the readers profit. Therefore in developed foreign country, paying attention to this point. They made a way to set up the leterature course in the their native language course. Here in Korea, it seems to be too early and to be lofty object to purpose but if understanding education of literature we must attend to try it.

初等科學敎育의 改善을 爲한 學習資料 開發과 보급에 對한 硏究

박병수 安東敎育大學 1976 論文集 Vol.9 No.1

To grope a new method of science education, its effective management and creative policy of it have been studied at every primary school, the local commitee of education, the boards of education and the ministry of education for a long time and much actual results were given for encouragement of a new science education. After revision and proclaim of the curriculum of natural science, this writer has inspected the actual condition of verious apparatus exploition and its utilization and management for the establishment and science education at primary school with academic and scientists' circles in this province, and analysed the difficulties of teacher's teaching science at school synthetically and many problems were found. Therefore suggesting the way of the betterment by studying readjustment for them, this writer also studied to solve the problems about the development of new apparatus and its supply them to every school in this country and to help the development of new science education in this paper.

現代敎育의 指導理念으로서의 協同社會思想硏究

김유원 安東敎育大學 1975 論文集 Vol.8 No.1

At the biginning of this, This writer called for the realization of the deep responsibilty on the part of educators for our fatherland. The introduction of ego centric and materialistic philosophy into the realm of school education has weakened the cooperative living attitude, while stimulating antisociety spirit, creating a serious factor for impeding the development of ,society. Since plato's view of national cooperative society was declared, the principle has plgyed an important role in education. The goal of education to achieve the development of a notion and the formation of cooperative society can be attained only by striving to foster cooperative spirit, sense of duty and responsiblity. The value of education in view of cooperative society lies in reformative influence and creation of stimula for individual character formation. And the objectives of such education place emphasis on cooperative autonomy, moral reformation, the constrouction of society and its development. As the modern education is the one for the cooperative society rather than by it, the goal of the education for cooperative society agrees to the principle that the education exists to contribute to the oreation of ideal society. This writer is convinced that it is very meaningful to find, in pursuit of the -direction of education and its ideal of guidance, the way of forstering integrated national spirit in the moral backgroung of cooperative society.

미적체험에 관한 실험 : 회화감상의 경우

이수창 安東敎育大學 1969 論文集 Vol.2 No.1

Those who have no systematic aesthetic training at appreciating drawings are least able to apprehend aesthetically because of their living practice of intellectual and conseptual grips of objects. The writer tried an experiment on the way of appreciation which conveys faithfully to viewers the producer's aesthetic intention involved in an obfect. Firstly he checked the reactions of those examined by showing four orderly selected drawings which were projected through a slide-projector with two ways; one is an repeated short-while projection and the other, an lasting one. As a result the writer found out that which appreciated by them was resulted only through the function of their peripheral senses; accordingly their creative or expressive power could not be forced to be drawn out. Therefore the writer believes that if one is tranied to find himself the "beauty" through that really appreciated which is freed from conceptual or ordinary one, in other words, if the fine art education is based on the "cultivation of appreciation" of drawings will not be satisfied to be only an education for skill but a way for cultivation of character which is educationally meaningful.

國家의 興亡과 佛敎 : 三國과 高麗時代를 中心으로

송태호 安東敎育大學 1975 論文集 Vol.8 No.1

When a state meets the difficult situation, the raicial characteristics and the religious traits. None of the religions does not pray for the peace ane security of the state in the difficult situation. According as the international situation of the South East Asia since last Spring became complex, our country situated in, Far East has been taken notice of the world. Last March, the religious organization had made the second largest bell in our country, installed it at Bo-Mun-Sa which lies to the north of Gang-Wha-Do and organized 'The Nation Protection Monks' Corps' for contributing to the national safety and its unification. The movement of today is thought to be more meaningful movement to promot the national interests and welfare of the people than the past days. In the era of the Three State and Korea, the priest's participation in the military and political affairs or the king's observing the Buddhist mass caused being able to prevent the nation from enemies and sometimes led to the downfall of it. The researcher reconsidered those historical facts and the results was able to be summarized like the followings. 1) Buddhism played the role of the spiritual leadership. 2) To become a priest was the object of envy. 3) The priests received many favours from the state. 4) The prist's participation in the political affairs caused many evils. 5) Those affairs led to the waste of the national finance. In a word, it can be pointed out that the priests had regretted the national ruin more than instesed patriotic concern for the welfare of the country.