http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Immune correlates for dengue vaccine development
Srikiatkhachorn, Anon,Yoon, In-Kyu 'Informa Healthcare (Expert Reviews, LTD)' 2016 Expert review of vaccines Vol.15 No.4
<P>Dengue virus is the leading cause of vector-borne viral disease with four serotypes in circulation. Vaccine development has been complicated by the potential for both protection and disease enhancement during heterologous infection. Secondary infection triggers cross-reactive immune memory responses that have varying functional and epitope specificities that determine protection or risk. Strongly neutralizing antibodies to quaternary epitopes may be especially important for virus neutralization. Cell-mediated immunity dominated by Th1 functions may also play an important role. Determining an immune correlate of protection or risk would be highly beneficial for vaccine development but is hampered by mechanistic uncertainties and assay limitations. Clinical efficacy trials and human infection models along with a systems approach may provide future opportunities to elucidate such correlates.</P>
Kang, Hyun-Jae,Kim, Hyo-Soo Informa Healthcare (Expert Reviews, LTD) 2008 Expert review of cardiovascular therapy Vol.6 No.5
<P>Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and erythropoietin are two cytokines that have been demonstrated to improve cardiac function and perfusion in myocardial infarction. G-CSF was initially evaluated as a stem cell mobilizer and erythropoietin as a cytoprotective agent. However, both cytokines have direct cytoprotective effects and stem cell-mobilizing ability. Direct cytoprotective effects of both cytokines are commonly mediated by the Jak-STAT pathway. In preclinical study, G-CSF and erythropoietin improved cardiac function and perfusion by angiomyogenesis and protection of cardiomyocytes in myocardial infarction. However, results from recent clinical trials did not support beneficial effects of cytokine therapy with G-CSF or erythropoietin alone in patients with myocardial infarction. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of action and to improve therapeutic efficacy by employing novel strategies, such as combined cytokines.</P>
Paik, Young-Ki,Jeong, Seul-Ki,Lee, Eun-Young,Jeong, Pan-Young,Shim, Yhong-Hee Informa Healthcare (Expert Reviews, LTD) 2006 Expert review of proteomics Vol.3 No.4
<P>With the availability of its complete genome sequence and unique biological features relevant to human disease, Caenorhabditis elegans has become an invaluable model organism for the studies of proteomics, leading to the elucidation of nematode gene function. A journey from the genome to proteome of C. elegans may begin with preparation of expressed proteins, which enables a large-scale analysis of all possible proteins expressed under specific physiological conditions. Although various techniques have been used for proteomic analysis of C. elegans, systematic high-throughput analysis is still to come in order to accommodate studies of post-translational modification and quantitative analysis. Given that no integrated C. elegans protein expression database is available, it is about time that a global C. elegans proteome project is launched through which datasets of transcriptomes, protein-protein interaction and functional annotation can be integrated. As an initial target of a pilot project of the C. elegans proteome project, the cholesterol-mediated signaling pathway will be an excellent example since, like in other organisms, it is one of the key controlling pathways in cell growth and development in C. elegans. As this field tends to broaden to functional proteomics, there is a high demand to develop the versatile proteome informatics tools that can mange many different data in an integrative manner.</P>