A small hairpin RNA targeting myeloid cell leukemia-1 enhances apoptosis in host macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Fei-yu Wang,Yu-qing Zhang,Xin-min Wang,Chan Wang,Xiao-fang Wang,Jiang-dong Wu,Fang Wu,Wan-jiang Zhang,Le Zhang 한국미생물학회 2016 The journal of microbiology Vol.54 No.4

Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) plays an important role in various cell survival pathways. Some studies indicated that the expression of Mcl-1 was upregulated in host cells during infection with the virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain, H37Rv. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of inhibiting Mcl-1 expression both in vivo and in vitro on apoptosis of host macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis using a small hairpin (sh)RNA. Mcl-1 expression was detected by the real time-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy were used to measure host macrophage apoptosis. We found elevated Mcl-1 levels in host macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The expression of Mcl-1 was downregulated efficiently in H37Rv-infected host macrophages using shRNA. Knockdown of Mcl-1 enhanced the extent of apoptosis in H37Rv-infected host macrophages significantly. The increased apoptosis correlated with a decrease in M. tuberculosis colony forming units recovered from H37Rv-infected cells that were treated with Mcl-1-shRNA. Reducing Mcl-1 accumulation by shRNA also reduced accumulation of the anti-apoptotic gene, Bcl-2, and increased expression of the pro-apoptotic gene, Bax, in H37Rv-infected host macrophages. Our results showed that specific knockdown of Mcl-1 expression increased apoptosis of host macrophages significantly and decreased the intracellular survival of a virulent strain of M. tuberculosis. These data indicate that interference with Mcl-1 expression may provide a new avenue for tuberculosis therapy.

Long-term Multiple Chemical Exposure Assessment for a Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display (TFT-LCD) Industry

Wang, Ying-Fang,Wang, Shih-Min,Kuo, Yu-Chieh,Yoon, Chungsik,Wang, Ya-Fen,Tsai, Perng-Jy Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research 2017 Aerosol and air quality research Vol.17 No.11

Gut Microbiota Community and Its Assembly Associated with Age and Diet in Chinese Centenarians

( Fang Wang ),( Ting Yu ),( Guo Hong Huang ),( Da Cai ),( Xiaolin Liang ),( Hai Yan Su ),( Zhenjun Zhu ),( Danlei Li ),( Yang Yang ),( Pei Hong Shen ),( Rui Feng Mao ),( Lian Yu ),( Mou Ming Zhao ),( 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.8

Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota underpin the development of health and longevity. However, our understanding of what influences the composition of this community of the longevous has not been adequately described. Therefore, illumina sequencing analysis was performed on the gut microbiota of centenarians (aged 100-108 years; RC) and younger elderlies (aged 85-99 years; RE) living in Bama County, Guangxi, China and the elderlies (aged 80-92 years; CE) living in Nanning City, Guangxi, China. In addition, their diet was monitored using a semiquantitative dietary questionary (FFQ 23). The results revealed the abundance of Roseburia and Escherichia was significantly greater, whereas that of Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, Coprococcus, Megamonas, Mitsuokella, Sutterella, and Akkermansia was significantly less in centenarians at the genus level. Both clustering analysis and UniFraq distance analysis showed structural segregation with age and diet among the three populations. Using partial least square discriminate analysis and redundancy analysis, we identified 33 and 34 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) as key OTUs that were significantly associated with age and diet, respectively. Age-related OTUs were characterized as Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Lachnospiraceae, and the former two were increased in the centenarians; diet-related OTUs were classified as Bacteroidales, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae. The former two were deceased, whereas the later one was increased, in the high-fiber diet. The age and high-fiber diet were concomitant with changes in the gut microbiota of centenarians, suggesting that age and high-fiber diet can establish a new structurally balanced architecture of gut microbiota that may benefit the health of centenarians.

Stereo Matching Based on Least Square

Yu Haihao,Fang Yurun,Kong Leilei,Wang Xin 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.2

Least Square method is widely adopted in stereo matching owing to it high precision, but the fact that transformation parameters is obtained by solving linear equations leads to the instability of its solutions and the process of matching oscillates and decreases convergence speed. To overcome this disadvantage, improve convergence speed and keep high precision, this paper provides gradient method to resolve stereo matching. The experiments show that the algorithm is valid and practical.

Role of Grain Refinement Mechanism on Microstructure and Performance in AZ31B Alloy During Interactive Alternating Forward Extrusion (AFE) Process

Yu Wang,Feng Li,Ye Wang,Qiang Chen,Xue Wen Li,Wen Bin Fang 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.4

In this study, interactive alternate forward extrusion (AFE) experiments with varying number of extrusion passes of AZ31magnesium alloy were carried out. The evolution of microstructure, and texture and their effects on the mechanical propertieswere studied. The results show that with the increase of loading passes, the grains are significantly refined, and thedynamic recrystallisation (DRX) structure is uniformly distributed in the product, which is the main reason for the increasein microhardness, compressive strength and failure strain. Further, slip and twinning induced DRX behaviour are consideredto be the main deformation methods in the early stage of deformation. Whereas continuous DRX is considered to be the maindeformation methods for the change in grain morphology in the later stage. During the extrusion process, the deflection angleof the base pole decreases. Finally, the fibre texture is formed; the texture strength is significantly reduced because of theeffect of recrystallisation. The AZ31 magnesium alloy interactive AFE process is discussed with respect to the technologicalexperiment and the microstructure deformation, thus providing a vital scientific basis for further application.

A Corpus-Based Study of Adverbial Clauses in Mandarin Chinese Conversations: A Preliminary Analysis

( Yu Fang Wang ) 한국언어정보학회 1995 국제 워크샵 Vol.1995 No.-

In conversation, adverbial clause subordination is most commonly achieved through temporal, conditional, concessive, and causal conjunctions, such as dang (``when``), rnguo(``if), suiran (``although``), yinwei (``because``), etc. in Mandarin Chinese. This study aims at exploring adverbial clauses in spoken Mandarin conversations on the basis of quantitative analysis. There were two-hour conversation database in this research. The adverbial clauses in our database were divided into (a) preposed clauses to their modified material with continuing intonation, (b) postposed clauses to their modified material \-vith continuing intonation, and (c) postposed clauses to their modified material with final intonation (rising question intonation or final falling intonation) After an inspection of our data, we fmd that the temporal, conditional, and concessive clauses favor to occur before their modified material; and the causal ones, after their associated material. Our data show that causal clauses are fundamentally different from temporal, conditional, and concessive ones in their use.

Efficacy and Survival-associated Factors with Gefitinib Combined with Cisplatin and Gemcitabine for Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Fang, Hong,Lin, Rong-Yan,Sun, Ming-Xia,Wang, Qian,Zhao, Yu-Liang,Yu, Jing-Lin,Tian, Yan,Wang, Xiao-Yun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.24

Objective: To analyze the efficacy and survival associated factors of gefitinib combined with cisplatin and gemcitabine for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 57 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), who received platinum-based chemotherapy regimens for more than 1 cycle, were treated with gefitinib combined with cisplatin and gemcitabine until disease progression. Efficacy, survival time and adverse reactions were observed. The Kaplan-Meier method was adopted for analysis of survival and Cox regression for associated influencing factors. Results: The patients were followed up until October 31, 2013, and the median follow-up time was 19 months. Of 57 patients, there were 4 (7.0%) with complete remission (CR), 8 (14.0%) with partial remission, 31 (54.4%) with stable disease, and 14 (24.6%) with disease progression. The remission rate was 21.1% and the disease control rate was 75.4%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) time and the median overall survival time were 10 months and 15.2 months. The one-year, two-year and three-year survival rates were 47.4%, 23.3% and 10.0%. Gender and pathological types were the independent risk factors influencing PFS time (P=0.028, P=0.009). Tumor pathological type and early efficacy were independent factors for the prognosis (P=0.018, P=0.000). Adverse reactions were mostly rashes of I~II degree and diarrhea and slightly increasing level of aminopherase. The skin adverse event incidence of III degree or above was 1.8% (1/57) and brain metastasis was foudn in 31.6% (18/57). Conclusions: Gefitinib combined with cisplatin andgemcitabine, is effective for patients with IIIb~IV NSCLC who received multiple cycles of chemotherapy.

Differences Between Breast Cancer Patients Younger and Older than 40 Years: Mammographic Findings

Zhao, Yu-Mei,Wang, Jian-Tao,Liu, Jing,Wang, Ju,Wang, Hong-Li,Liu, Pei-Fang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.12

Objective: To compare the mammogarphic appearance between breast cancer patients aged <40 and ${\geq}40$ years. Methods: Needle localization and biopsy of suspicious mammographic lesions identified 1,959 breast carcinomas in a single institution from Jun 2012 to Apr 2013. According to the age, we divided patients into two groups: <40 and ${\geq}40$ years old, and analyzed mammographic appearance separately. Results: Young patients had 44.2% foci with calcification, but old patients only had 39.4% (P<0.001). In younger group, the ratios of cases according to mass density were 41.8% or higher, 58.2% equivalent and lower. In older group, the ratios were 55.5 % and 44.5%, respectively. There were statistical differences between high density and others (P<0.05). The ratios of cases according to mass margin were 13.9% circumscribed and microlobulated, 86.1% indistinct and spiculated in the younger group, as compared to 6.5% and 93.5%, respectively, in the older group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Mammographic findings differ between young and old patients with breast cancer, for example regarding mass density, mass margin and microcalcification ratios.

Cardiac-targeted delivery of nuclear receptor RORα via ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction optimizes the benefits of regular dose of melatonin on sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy

Shanjie Wang,Kegong Chen,Ye Wang,Zeng Wang,Zhaoying Li,JunChen Guo,Jianfeng Chen,Wenhua Liu,Xiaohui Guo,Guangcan Yan,Chenchen Liang,Huai Yu,Shaohong Fang,Bo Yu 한국생체재료학회 2023 생체재료학회지 Vol.27 No.00

Background Large-dose melatonin treatment in animal experiments was hardly translated into humans, which may explain the dilemma that the protective effects against myocardial injury in animal have been challenged by clinical trials. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) has been considered a promising drug and gene delivery system to the target tissue. We aim to investigate whether cardiac gene delivery of melatonin receptor mediated by UTMD technology optimizes the efficacy of clinically equivalent dose of melatonin in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Methods Melatonin and cardiac melatonin receptors in patients and rat models with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis were assessed. Rats received UTMD-mediated cardiac delivery of RORα/cationic microbubbles (CMBs) at 1, 3 and 5 days before CLP surgery. Echocardiography, histopathology and oxylipin metabolomics were assessed at 16–20 h after inducing fatal sepsis. Results We observed that patients with sepsis have lower serum melatonin than healthy controls, which was observed in the blood and hearts of Sprague–Dawley rat models with LPS- or CLP-induced sepsis. Notably, a mild dose (2.5 mg/kg) of intravenous melatonin did not substantially improve septic cardiomyopathy. We found decreased nuclear receptors RORα, not melatonin receptors MT1/2, under lethal sepsis that may weaken the potential benefits of a mild dose of melatonin treatment. In vivo, repeated UTMD-mediated cardiac delivery of RORα/CMBs exhibited favorable biosafety, efficiency and specificity, significantly strengthening the effects of a safe dose of melatonin on heart dysfunction and myocardial injury in septic rats. The cardiac delivery of RORα by UTMD technology and melatonin treatment improved mitochondrial dysfunction and oxylipin profiles, although there was no significant influence on systemic inflammation. Conclusions These findings provide new insights to explain the suboptimal effect of melatonin use in clinic and potential solutions to overcome the challenges. UTMD technology may be a promisingly interdisciplinary pattern against sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy.

A Cognitive Account of the Lexical Polysemy of Chinese Kai

( Flora Yu Fang Wang ) 한국언어정보학회 1995 국제 워크샵 Vol.1995 No.-

Since polysemy has multiple but related senses, finding any coherent system would seem impossible. But its senses are not random. When we look at inferences among them, it becomes clear that there must be a systematic structure of some kind. Based on the prototype theory, which views lexical items as constituting natural categories of senses, the present work aims at proposing solutions to problems resulting from the polysemy of kai. After an in-depth analysis of the polysemy kai, we find that the links between polysemy senses are defined not only by shared properties (i.e. analogy), but also by conceptual connections (e.g. metonymy or metaphor). This study suggests that polysemy reflects human``s categorization of things and can be successfully accounted for by a cognitive approach.