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Calpain-mediated N-cadherin proteolytic processing in brain injury.
Jang, You-Na,Jung, Yi-Sook,Lee, Soo Hwan,Moon, Chang-Hyun,Kim, Chang-Hoon,Baik, Eun Joo The Society 2009 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.29 No.18
<P>Neural-cadherin (N-cadherin), a member of the classical cadherin family of transmembrane glycoproteins, mediates cellular recognition and cell-cell adhesion through calcium-dependent homophilic interactions and plays important roles in the development and maintenance of the nervous system. Metalloproteinase is known to cleave N-cadherin, which is further cleaved by gamma-secretase. The intracellular domain of N-cadherin interacts with beta-catenin, and beta-catenin stability is critical for cell-cell adhesion and cell survival. In the present study, we showed that N-cadherin is cleaved specifically by calpain, resulting in the generation of a novel 110 kDa fragment. The cleavage occurred in ischemic brain lesions and in vitro neural cells in the presence of NMDA and ionomycin, and was restored by calpain inhibitors but not matrix metalloproteinase or gamma-secretase inhibitors. Calpain directly cleaved N-cadherin in in vitro calpain assays, and calpain inhibitors prevented its cleavage in a dose-dependent manner. Using N-cadherin deletion mutants, we found that calpain cleavage sites exist in at least four regions of the cytoplasmic domain. Treatment with NMDA induced neuronal death, and it suppressed the expression of surface N-cadherin and the N-cadherin/beta-catenin interaction, effects that were prevented by calpain inhibitor. Furthermore, calpain-mediated N-cadherin cleavage significantly affected cell-cell adhesion, AKT signaling, the N-cadherin/beta-catenin interaction and the Wnt target gene expressions through the accumulation of nuclear beta-catenin.</P>
JAK-STAT pathway and myogenic differentiation
Jang, You-Na,Baik, Eun Joo Landes Bioscience 2013 JAK-STAT Vol.2 No.2
<P>Myogenic differentiation plays an important role in muscle regeneration and is regulated by two transcription factor families, MRFs and MEF2, which induce differentiation of myoblasts through expression of the muscle-specific gene, <I>myogenin</I>. In addition, many intracellular signaling pathways are also involved in myogenic differentiation, including p38 MAPK, ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT. The JAK-STAT pathway is activated by various cytokines and positively or negatively regulates the differentiation of myoblasts. JAK1 plays a notable role in proliferation; whereas, JAK2 and JAK3 function mainly in differentiation. The STATs, molecules downstream of JAK, regulate myogenesis. With JAK1, STAT1 promotes proliferation, while STAT3 has a dual effect on proliferation and differentiation. The JAK-STAT negative regulator, SOCS, is also associated with myogenesis; although, its role is controversial. In this review, we will discuss the role of the JAK-STAT pathway on myogenic differentiation.</P>
You Ho Kim,Jae Young Jang,Hyun Chul Jo,Sukjin Choi,Jin Bae Na,Chang Young Lee,Jung-Bin Song,Haigun Lee,Tae Kuk Ko,Young Jin Hwang IEEE 2012 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.22 No.3
<P>A proto-type hybrid electro-magnetic suspension system (hybrid EMS system) was developed by Yonsei university . It is the first step of study on fundamental technology for advanced railroad system development. The proto-type hybrid EMS system consists of a ferromagnetic-core, a superconducting magnet (Bi-2223) for generating magneto-motive force (MMF) and a control coil for levitation control. This system has the characteristic of a control coil generating a magnetic flux to keep the levitation gap in constant value when the gap is attempted to be varied by external physical factors. In doing so, the induced current by the magnetic flux generate loss to the superconducting magnet inducing the possibility of an unstable system. Therefore, we have experimented and documented the results of evaluating the loss in the superconducting magnet generated by the control coil. This paper can be expected to suggest useful data for the design and operation of a hybrid EMS system.</P>
Jang, Kuewhan,You, Juneseok,Park, Chanhoo,Park, Hyunjun,Choi, Jaeyeong,Choi, Chang-Hwan,Park, Jinsung,Lee, Howon,Na, Sungsoo IOP 2016 Nanotechnology Vol.27 No.36
<P>Recent advancements of nanomaterials have inspired numerous scientific and industrial applications. Zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) is one of the most important nanomaterials due to their extraordinary properties. However, studies performed over the past decade have reported toxicity of ZnO NWs. Therefore, there has been increasing demand for effective detection of ZnO NWs. In this study, we propose a method for the detection of ZnO NW using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and DNA probes. The detection method is based on the covalent interaction between ZnO NWs and the phosphoric acid group of single-stranded DNA (i.e., linker DNA), and DNA hybridization between the linker DNA and the probe DNA strand on the QCM electrode. Rapid, high sensitivity, <I>in situ</I> detection of ZnO NWs was demonstrated for the first time. The limit of detection was 10<SUP>−4</SUP> <I>μ</I>g ml<SUP>−1</SUP> in deionized water, which represents a sensitivity that is 100000 times higher than the toxic ZnO NW concentration level. Moreover, the selectivity of the ZnO NW detection method was demonstrated by comparison with other types of nanowires and the method was able to detect ZnO NWs in tap water sensitively even after stored for 14 d in a refrigerator. The performance of our proposed method was sufficient to achieve detection of ZnO NW in the ‘real-world’ environment.</P>
You, Juneseok,Song, Yeongjin,Park, Chanho,Jang, Kuewhan,Na, Sungsoo IOP 2017 Nanotechnology Vol.28 No.24
<P>Silver ions have been used to sterilize many products, however, it has recently been demonstrated that silver ions can be toxic. This toxicity has been studied over many years with the lethal concentration at 10 <I>μ</I>M. Silver ions can accumulate through the food chain, causing serious health problems in many species. Hence, there is a need for a commercially available silver ion sensor, with high detection sensitivity. In this work, we develop an ultra-sensitive silver ion sensor platform, using cytosine based DNA and gold nanoparticles as the mass amplifier. We achieve a lower detection limit for silver ions of 10 pM; this detection limit is one million times lower than the toxic concentration. Using our sensor platform we examine highly selective characteristics of other typical ions in water from natural sources. Furthermore, our sensor platform is able to detect silver ions in a real practical sample of commercially available drinking water. Our sensor platform, which we have termed a ‘MAIS’ (mass amplifier ion sensor), with a simple detection procedure, high sensitivity, selectivity and real practical applicability has shown potential as an early toxicity assessment of silver ions in the environment.</P>
Label-free detection of zinc oxide nanowire using a graphene wrapping method
You, Juneseok,Jang, Kuewhan,Lee, Sangmyung,Bang, Doyeon,Haam, Seungjoo,Choi, Chang-Hwan,Park, Jinsung,Na, Sungsoo Elsevier 2015 Biosensors & Bioelectronics Vol.68 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) have been attempted to various applications, such as piezoelectric devices, energy harvesting devices, self-powered nanosensors, and biomedical devices. However, recent reports have shown the toxic effect of ZnO NWs. In this report, we described the detection of ZnO NWs, for the first time using reduced graphene oxide (RGO) wrapping method. By wrapping RGO to ZnO NW (RGO–ZnO NW), we are able to aggregate ZnO NWs and increase the sensing performance. The detection measurement is based on the resonance frequency shift derived from mass variation of RGO–ZnO NW adsorption on the DNA immobilized resonator. The resonator is able to detect ZnO NWs with detection limit of 100ngmL<SUP>−1</SUP> which is 2 order below the fatal toxic concentration of ZnO NWs in Human Monocyte Macrophages (HMMs). Furthermore, the resonator is able to detect ZnO NWs in real tap water, showing the potential as ZnO NWs screening platform in real environmental aqua system.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Using reduced graphene oxide and ssDNA immobilized resonator, zinc oxide nanowire detection method was developed. </LI> <LI> By measuring resonance frequency shift of the resonator, high sensitivity is attained. </LI> <LI> This detection method was able to detect 100ngml<SUP>−1</SUP> of zinc oxide nanowire. </LI> <LI> Selective detection of zinc oxide nanowire was achieved. </LI> <LI> This detection method was able to detect zinc oxide nanowire in real sample of tap water. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Jang, Kuewhan,Park, Jinsung,Bang, Doyeon,Lee, Sangmyung,You, Juneseok,Haam, Seungjoo,Na, Sungsoo The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Chemical communications Vol.49 No.77
<P>By using DNA linkers, we are able to conjugate self-crosslinked SWNTs which could be detected upon hybridization with a DNA immobilized resonator. The DNA immobilized resonator is able to detect SWNTs with a detection limit of 10 ng ml<SUP>−1</SUP> which was 2–3 orders of magnitude smaller than the reported SWNT toxicity concentration.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The DNA immobilized resonator allows us to detect SWNTs by using DNA linkers assisted SWNT self-aggregation. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3cc42911c'> </P>
Jang, Kuewhan,Park, Chanho,You, Juneseok,Choi, Jaeyeong,Park, Hyunjun,Park, Jinsung,Lee, Howon,Choi, Chang-Hwan,Na, Sungsoo IOP 2016 Nanotechnology Vol.27 No.47
<P>For several decades, silver nanomaterials (AgNMs) have been used in?various research areas?and commercial products. Among the?many AgNMs, silver nanowires (AgNWs) are one of the mostly?widely used nanomaterials due to their?high electrical and thermal conductivity. However, recent studies have investigated the toxicity of AgNWs. For this reason, it is necessary to develop a successful detection method of AgNWs for protecting human health. In this study, label-free, highly sensitive, direct, and real-time detection of AgNWs is performed for the first time. The detection mechanism is based on the resonance frequency shift upon the mass change from the hybridization between the probe DNA on the electrode and the linker DNA attached on AgNWs. The frequency shift is measured by using a quartz crystal microbalance. We are able to detect 1 ng ml<SUP>−1</SUP> of AgNWs in deionized water in real-time. Moreover, our detection method can selectively detect AgNWs among other types of one-dimensional nanomaterials and can also be applied to detection in drinking water.</P>