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余龍云 진주교육대학교 1975 論文集 Vol.10 No.1
The corporal punishment will not be a desirable for study. It is wrong to expect the same effect to all the children with the leading of only one method, because. they have the difference in their personality one another. Even the twins who have the greatest resemblance is not the very same except the type of blood. It is unreasonable that the means applicable to one can be effective to another, and so the leading to disregard their difference makes them inadaptable. The behaviour of inadaptability in schooll is not the responsibility of them, but it means that the guiding principles of the teachers are bad. Teachers should do their best to make a drilling ground named school study happily. School must not be recognized as the place which is terrible, unwilling to go, and bored. As teachers can net lose their temper because children is fever or taken ill with tonsillits, so they should not fly into a passion because they did a behaviour of inadaptability. Because there is some reasons to be cared in the back of the inadaptability, We must acknowledge that, excluding the exception of small minority, the preceding generations including teachers form conservative power than anyother socially, and the younger generations, progressive. We arc occasionally inclined to think that the younger generations underestimate their ability in search for value and decision of their opinion. They are the negative existences who are unwilling to listen to our lessons so far as the valuation is concerned. Moreover; it is one of the important matters we must acknowledge that they are living in the society to be transformed rapidly. The reality of Society to be transformed rapidly has a great effect on even the world of the impressible children. If their attitude, as it is resistent, appeared to be against us in appearance, it is proper that are should lead them wish affection and persuasion. Why do we inflict the corporal punsihment? Firstly we often use it for the purpose of the motivation of study. Children shoud not reproach badly themselves for their failure, but they should find out where the cause of the failure is, and endeavour so that they may meet the opportunity for success. The corporal punishment may bring about the effect of other evil reaction. Since it is not purpose of the directions and advice for the future, but the way to prohibit them from evil doing by hatred and stimulation, occasionally; it may bring about the effect to lose their will from the great discouragement. Seconldy: Teachers often inflict the corporal punishment for the sake of their excessive desire. As man is an animal which have the difference in their individual characters, an children can not satisfy the expectation to be desired by the teachers, and so the teachers must avoid the way to get the efficiency by inflicting the corporal punishment to the feeble-headed children or these not to be able to gain the level in comparison with their own pains taking, but we must mate more efforts to understand and help them. Not only the teachers must not discourage and restrain from their deeds by means of the corporal punishment, but also scold too much for their failure. It is the method to be taken by the wise techers to make out sympathetic, the cause of their failures, make them experience the opportunity to succeed, and lead them to it. Thirdly; we are often apt to inflict the corporal punishment to correct the wrong attitude in their life. In the period of children, particularly, when they are farming their peer-group, they have the strong feeling belonging to the group members. In this period, with sprouting the mental state trying to he independent of their teachers or parents, the anti-social and resistant altitude appears on the them. And also this state is the characteristic of this period. Therefore the teachers or parents meat not try to correct their behaviour of inadaptability by means of the corporal punishment, but lead them to the desirable way by understanding and teaching them affectionately. Generally the more experience that the children are discourged, fail, and meet with a calamity from thier parents, teachers, and community they have, the more appears the attitude of inadaptability. By the other reasons, the behaviour of the corporal punishment is being taken by the teachers. According to the research of many scholars up to the present, it is said that the corporal punishment is not desirable method. Eventually the corporal punishment will be the coure to bring about a rebellious spirit, a fear complex, a shame, a hostile feeling, and inferiority complex to be children. The fear complex causes them to decline their ability and loss their self-confidence. and when they are afraid of others' ridicule, or have a hostile feeling against others, the effects of various type are apt to happen to them. A competent teacher can develop the level of their true conduct into a high degree, unless he does not give the children in class or group in charge any rebellious spirit, fear complex, shame, hostile feeling, contempt, and inferiority complex. There fore the corporal punishment can never the method to promote the effect of study.
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체외수정 및 배아 이식 후 난관과 반대편 간질 부위에 동시에 생긴 복합성 자궁외 임신 1예
오예은,김미경,이서영,김유신,Oh, Yoe-Un,Kim, Mi-Kyoung,Lee, Seo-Yeong,Kim, You-Shin 대한생식의학회 2009 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.36 No.2
자궁외 임신은 자궁강내 내막 이외의 장소에 주머니배가 착상하는 것을 의미하며, 최근 조기 진단 및 치료의 가능성이 증가했지만, 여전히 주요한 모성 사망의 한 원인이다. 불임 환자의 경우 배란약제 사용 및 보조생식술과 연관되어 일반적인 경우에 비해 자궁외 임신 및 다태 임신, 동시 양측성 난관 임신 같은 복합성 자궁외 임신의 발생도 증가하고 있는데, 아직까지 전체 자궁외 임신 중 보조생식술 후 발생한 복합성 자궁외 임신이 차지하는 발생 비율에 대한 정확한 통계는 이루어 지지 않고 있으나 이러한 시술이 점차 늘고 있기 때문에 그 발생률도 증가할 것으로 생각된다. '자궁각 임신' (cornual pregnancy)은 자궁외 임신중 비교적 드문 경우로서, 흔히 '간질성 임신' (interstitial pregnancy)과 비슷한 의미로 사용된다. '간질성 임신'의 발생은 전체 자궁외 임신의 약 2~4% 정도에 해당하며, 간질성 임신으로 인한 모성 사망률은 전체 간질성 임신의 약 2~3% 정도에 달한다고 알려져 있다. 이는 전체 난관 임신으로 인한 사망률의 2배 정도에 해당하는 수치이다. 저자들은 체외수정 및 배아 이식술 후 좌측 난관과 우측 자궁각 부위에 임신이 된 복합성 자궁외 임신 1예를 경험하였기에 간단한 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is increased since in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) has started. And because of the possibility of combined pregnancy after IVF-ET, bilateral adnexal area and other portion of pelvis should be examined carefully by transvaginal ultrasonography during follow-up period. The rate of combined pregnancy after IVF is estimated to be as high as 0.2~1%. Since the incidence of combined pregnancies is markedly higher with IVF, special attention to this possibility after ET is warranted. According to a recent report, the occurrence of interstitial pregnancy is estimated to be 1:3600 for all pregnancies achieved with IVF. The prevalence of interstitial pregnancies is 2~4% of ectopic pregnancies. Interstitial pregnancies tend to be diagnosed later than most other ectopic pregnancies, and if uterine rupture occurs, the resulting hemorrhage can be severe. Currently, about 2% to 3% of interstitial pregnancies are thought to carry a maternal death, which is twice that of other tubal gestations. We report a case of simultaneous left tubal and right interstitial pregnancies after IVF-ET with a brief review of literature.
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