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Adsorption of heavy metal ions via apple waste low-cost adsorbent: Characterization and performance
Yasin Gomravi,Asadollah Karimi,Hamidreza Azimi 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.9
This research focuses on the enhancement of the biosorption process via apple waste (a cheap adsorbent) for the treatment of heavy metals (including Cu2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+). The apple pomace modified by potassium permanganate (ACAPMP), apple pomace modified by sodium hydroxide (APMSH) and activated carbon apple pomace (ACAP) were synthesized as adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals. The prepared biomass adsorbents were analyzed by FTIR, BET, EDS and FE-SEM. The Box-Behnken design was applied to optimize the process. The influence of pH, the time of removal, the type of adsorbent and concentration of heavy metal on the adsorption performance were investigated by batch experiments. The results revealed that ACAP, APMS and ACAP adsorbents were able to remove approximately 95% of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper from wastewater. The ACAPMP indicated the best performance compared to other adsorbents in optimal condition. Also, the results exhibited excellent removal performance for Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ with maximum adsorption percent 99.72%, 99.28%, 99.18% and 96.45%, respectively. To define the best correlation, the equilibrium data for adsorption were studied by using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The FTIR, BET and EDS characterization of functional groups and morphology confirm the suitable preparation of ACAPMP, ACAP and APMSH. The adsorption results indicate that apple waste as low-cost and high surface capacity adsorbents can be used.
Maryam Iranzadasl,Yasin Karimi,Fatemeh Moadeli,Mehdi Pasalar 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.1
Background: Pandemics of infectious diseases have long been regarded as societal challenges. This study aimed to summarize the theories of Persian medicine for controlling respiratory disease-related pandemics and to compare these theories with the findings of modern medicine. Methods: We searched the classic medical reference books of the 9th to 19th centuries for the terms ‘polluted air’ and ‘pandemic’, and we searched 4 databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus) with the keywords ‘COVID-19’, ‘pandemic’, ‘history’, and ‘prevention programs’. The results were collected and subjected to content analysis. Results: From the point of view of traditional Iranian physicians, disease prevention is primarily possible by avoiding pathogenic factors. As a secondary solution, reducing one's susceptibility to the disease is crucial; this can be achieved through cleansing the body and strengthening the mood, reducing food intake, decreasing the internal humidity, disinfecting the house with herbal fumigation, and making use of pleasant aromas. Some of these recommendations are reaffirmed by modern research. Conclusion: Persian medicine techniques may be preventive during respiratory, influenza-like disease pandemics. However, rigorous studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.