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Structural Study of Hexagonal Close-Packed Silica Mesoporous Crystal
Ma, Yanhang,Han, Lu,Miyasaka, Keiichi,Oleynikov, Peter,Che, Shunai,Terasaki, Osamu American Chemical Society 2013 Chemistry of materials Vol.25 No.10
<P>Close-packed spheres can be stacked into two crystalline structures: cubic close-packed (ccp) and hexagonal close-packed (hcp). Both of these structures were found in silica mesoporous crystals (SMCs). Herein, pure hcp mesostructure with <I>P</I>6<SUB>3</SUB>/<I>mmc</I> symmetry of silica mesoporous crystals (SMCs) has been obtained in the synthetic system of cationic gemini surfactant as template and the <I>N</I>-[(3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine triacetix acid trisodium salt (EDTA-silyl) as the costructure directing agent (CSDA), which gives rise to the three-dimensional (3D) hexagonal structure and hexagonal plate morphology. The formation of the pure hcp structure was controlled by organic/inorganic interface curvature induced by charge matching between carboxylate groups of the CSDA and quaternary ammonium head groups of surfactant. Electrostatic potential distribution 3D map was reconstructed using Fourier analysis of HRTEM images based on electron crystallography, which showed characteristic features of the shape and connectivity of mesopores in the hcp structure. Small windows for connecting cages can be found only between layers, which determine the symmetry and local curvature of structures. As a result, the point group symmetry of mesopores becomes 6̅<I>m</I>2, instead of the <I>m</I>3̅<I>m</I> symmetry observed for perfect spheres in the ccp. The mechanism of stabilization and favorable growth of the pure hcp structure in mesoscale has been proposed based on synthesis strategy and symmetry support. This work provides people a better understanding of the priority of two sphere close-packed forms by comparing hcp and ccp structures.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2013/cmatex.2013.25.issue-10/cm401294j/production/images/medium/cm-2013-01294j_0001.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm401294j'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
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Jing Liu,Yanhang Gao,Xianbo Wang,Zhiping Qian,Jinjun Chen,Yan Huang,Zhongji Meng,Xiaobo Lu,Guohong Deng,Feng Liu,Zhiguo Zhang,Hai Li,Xin Zheng 연세대학교의과대학 2020 Yonsei medical journal Vol.61 No.2
Purpose: This study investigated multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens and antibiotic strategies of culture-positive spontaneousascitic infection (SAI) in patients with acute decompensated cirrhosis. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 432 acute decompensated cirrhotic patients with culture-positive SAI from11 teaching hospitals in China (January 2012 to May 2018). A Cox proportional hazards model analysis was conducted to identifyindependent predictors of 28-day mortality. Results: A total of 455 strains were isolated from 432 ascitic culture samples. Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), gram-positive bacteria(GPB), and fungi caused 52.3, 45.5, and 2.2% of all SAI episodes, respectively. Episodes were classified as nosocomial (41.2%), healthcare-related (34.7%), and community-acquired (24.1%). Escherichia coli (13.4%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.4%) were extendedspectrumβ-lactamase producing isolates. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 1.1%. Ceftazidime,cefepime, aztreonam, and amikacin were recommended as first-line antibiotics agents for non-MDR GNB infections; piperacillin/tazobactam and carbapenems for MDR GNB in community-acquired and healthcare-related or nosocomial infections, respectively;and vancomycin or linezolid for GPB infections, regardless of drug-resistance status. Multivariate analysis revealed days ofhospital stay before SAI, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, white blood cell count, alanine aminotransferase, serum creatinine concentration,total bilirubin, and international normalized ratio as key independent predictors of 28-day mortality. Conclusion: MDR pathogens and antibiotic strategies were identified in patients with acute decompensated cirrhosis with culture-positive SAI, which may help optimize therapy and improve clinical outcomes.
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IL28B Is Associated with Outcomes of Chronic HBV Infection
Xiaodong Shi,Junqi Niu,Xiumei Chi,Yu Pan,Yanhang Gao,Wanyu Li,Chen Yang,Jin Zhong,Damo Xu,Manna Zhang,Gerald Minuk,Jing Jiang 연세대학교의과대학 2015 Yonsei medical journal Vol.56 No.3
Purpose: The role of IL28B gene variants and expression in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are not well understood. Here, we evaluated whether IL28B gene expression and rs12979860 variations are associated with HBV outcomes. Materialsand Methods: IL28B genetic variations (rs12979860) were genotyped by pyrosequencingof DNA samples from 137 individuals with chronic HBV infection [50 inactive carriers (IC), 34 chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 27 cirrhosis, 26 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)], and 19 healthy controls. IL28A/B mRNA expression in peripheralblood mononuclear cells was determined by qRT-PCR, and serum IL28B proteinwas measured by ELISA. Results: Patients with IL28B C/C genotype had greater IL28A/B mRNA expression and higher IL28B protein levels than C/T patients. Within the various disease stages, compared to IC and healthy controls, IL28B expression was reduced in the CHB, cirrhosis, and HCC cohorts (CHB vs. IC, p=0.02; cirrhosis vs. IC, p=0.01; HCC vs. IC, p=0.001; CHB vs. controls, p<0.01; cirrhosis vs. controls, p<0.01; HCC vs. controls, p<0.01). When stratified with respect to serum HBV markers in the IC and CHB cohorts, IL28B mRNA and protein levels were higher in HBeAg-positive than negative individuals (p=0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that factors associated with high IL28B proteinlevels were C/C versus C/T genotype [p=0.016, odds ratio (OR)=0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.08‒0.78], high alanine aminotransferase values (p<0.001, OR=8.02, 95% CI=2.64‒24.4), and the IC stage of HBV infection (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our data suggest that IL28B genetic variations may play an important role in long-term development of disease in chronic HBV infections.
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